Robert Burns Woodward

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Robert Burns Woodward (Boston, 10 aprile 1917 – Cambridge, 8 luglio 1979) è stato un chimico statunitense che si è occupato, in particolare, di chimica organica. I suoi studi si riferiscono principalmente alla sintesi organica e alla determinazione della struttura di sostanze naturali complesse quali la chinina, il colesterolo, il cortisone, la stricnina, l'acido lisergico e la cefalosporina. Elaborò anche il metodo di sintesi della vitamina B12. Premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1965, ha lavorato a stretto contatto con Roald Hoffmann con il quale elaborò una serie di regole, note come regole di Woodward-Hoffmann, che descrivono le interazioni tra gli orbitali $\pi$ nelle reazioni pericicliche e permettono di prevedere la stereochimica di tali trasformazioni.

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Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Robert Burns Woodward

Collegamenti esterni[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

(EN) Leo B. Slater, Robert Burns Woodward, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN) Robert Burns Woodward, su nobelprize.org.
(EN) Robert Burns Woodward, su Mathematics Genealogy Project, North Dakota State University.
Opere di Robert Burns Woodward, su MLOL, Horizons Unlimited.
(EN) Opere di Robert Burns Woodward, su Open Library, Internet Archive.

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka, Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart, Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold, George Pieczenik Smith, Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna (2020) • David MacMillan, Benjamin List (2021) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless (2022) • Moungi Bawendi, Aleksej Ekimov, Louis Brus

V · D · M

Vincitori Medaglia Davy 1951-2000 (Royal Society)

Eric Rideal (1951) · Alexander Robertson (1952) · John Lennard-Jones (1953) · James Wilfred Cook (1954) · Harry Work Melville (1955) · Robert Downs Haworth (1956) · Kathleen Lonsdale (1957) · Ronald Norrish (1958) · Robert Burns Woodward (1959) · John Monteath Robertson (1960) · Derek Harold Richard Barton (1961) · Harry Julius Emeléus (1962) · Edmund John Bowen (1963) · Melvin Calvin (1964) · Harold Warris Thompson (1965) · Ewart Jones (1966) · Vladimir Prelog (1967) · John Cornforth / George Joseph Popjak (1968) · Frederick Sydney Dainton (1969) · Charles Alfred Coulson (1970) · George Porter (1971) · Arthur John Birch (1972) · John Stuart Anderson (1973) · James Baddiley (1974) · Theodore Morris Sugden (1975) · Rex Edward Richards (1976) · Alan Rushton Battersby (1977) · Albert Eschenmoser (1978) · Joseph Chatt (1979) · Alan Woodworth Johnson (1980) · Ralph Alexander Raphael (1981) · Michael J. S. Dewar (1982) · Duilio Arigoni (1983) · Samuel Frederick Edwards (1984) · Jack Lewis (1985) · Alexander George Ogston (1986) · Alec Jeffreys (1987) · John Pople (1988) · Francis Gordon Albert Stone (1989) · Keith Usherwood Ingold (1990) · Jeremy R. Knowles (1991) · Alan Carrington (1992) · Jack Baldwin (1993) · John Meurig Thomas (1994) · M. L. H. Green (1995) · Geoffrey Wilkinson (1996) · Jean-Marie Lehn (1997) · Alan Roy Fersht (1998) · Malcolm Harold Chisholm (1999) · Steven Victor Ley (2000)

1877-1900 · 1901-1950 · 1951-2000 · 2001-2024

V · D · M

Vincitori del Premio Willard Gibbs (ACS)

Svante Arrhenius (1911) • Theodore William Richards (1912) • Leo Baekeland (1913) • Ira Remsen (1914) • Arthur Amos Noyes (1915) • Willis R. Whitney (1916) • Edward Morley (1917) • William Merriam Burton (1918) • William A. Noyes (1919) • Frederick Gardner Cottrell (1920) • Marie Curie (1921) • Julius Stieglitz (1923) • Gilbert Lewis (1924) • Moses Gomberg (1925) • James Colquhoun Irvine (1926) • John Jacob Abel (1927) • William Draper Harkins (1928) • Claude Silbert Hudson (1929) • Irving Langmuir (1930) • Phoebus Levene (1931) • Edward Curtis Franklin (1932) • Richard Martin Willstätter (1933) • Harold Urey (1934) • Charles August Kraus (1935) • Roger Adams (1936) • Herbert Newby McCoy (1937) • Robert R. Williams (1938) • Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1939) • Vladimir Ipatieff (1940) • Edward Adelbert Doisy (1941) • Thomas Midgley (1942) • Conrad Arnold Elvehjem (1943) • George O. Curme, Jr. (1944) • Frank C. Whitmore (1945) • Linus Pauling (1946) • Wendell Meredith Stanley (1947) • Carl F. Cori (1948) • Peter Debye (1949) • Carl S. Marvel (1950) William Francis Giauque (1951) William C. Rose (1952) • Joel Henry Hildebrand (1953) • Elmer K. Bolton (1954) • Farrington Daniels (1955) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1956) • W. Albert Noyes, Jr. (1957) • Willard Frank Libby (1958) • Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1959) • George B. Kistiakowsky (1960) • Louis Plack Hammett (1961) • Lars Onsager (1962) • Paul Doughty Bartlett (1963) • Izaak M. Kolthoff (1964) • Robert Mulliken (1965) • Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1966) • Robert Burns Woodward (1967) • Henry Eyring (1968) • Gerhard Herzberg (1969) • Frank H. Westheimer (1970) • Henry Taube (1971) • John T. Edsall (1972) • Paul Flory (1973) • Har Gobind Khorana (1974) • Herman F. Mark (1975) • Kenneth S. Pitzer (1976) • Melvin Calvin (1977) • William O. Baker (1978) • Edgar Bright Wilson (1979) • Frank Albert Cotton (1980) • Bert Lester Vallee (1981) • Gilbert Stork (1982) • John D. Roberts (1983) • Elias James Corey (1984) • Donald James Cram (1985) • Jack Halpern (1986) • Allen Bard (1987) • Rudolph Marcus (1988) • Richard Barry Bernstein (1989) • Richard Zare (1990) • Günther Wilke (1991) • Harry B. Gray (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • Frederick Hawthorne (1994) • John Meurig Thomas (1995) • Fred Basolo (1996) • Carl Djerassi (1997) • Mario Molina (1998) • Lawrence F. Dahl (1999) • Nicholas Turro (2000) • Tobin J. Marks (2001) • Ralph Hirschmann (2002) • John I. Brauman (2003) • Ronald Breslow (2004) • David A. Evans (2005) • Jacqueline K. Barton (2006) • Sylvia T. Ceyer (2007) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2008) • Louis Brus (2009) • Maurice Brookhart (2010) • Robert G. Bergman (2011) • Mark Ratner (2012) • Charles M. Lieber (2013) • John E. Bercaw (2014) • John F. Hartwig (2015) • Laura L. Kiessling (2016) • Judith Klinman (2017) • Cynthia Burrows (2018) • Marcetta Y. Darensbourg (2019)

V · D · M

Vincitori del Premio Arthur C. Cope (ACS)

Roald Hoffmann, Robert Burns Woodward (1973) • Donald James Cram (1974) • Elias James Corey (1975) • Orville L. Chapman (1978) • Gilbert Stork (1980) • Frank H. Westheimer (1982) • Albert J. Eschenmoser (1984) • Duilio Arigoni (1986) • Ronald Breslow (1987) • Kenneth B. Wiberg (1988) • William Summer Johnson (1989) • Koji Nakanishi (1990) • Gerhard L. Closs (1991) • Barry Sharpless (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • John D. Roberts (1994) • George M. Whitesides (1995) • Robert G. Bergman (1996) • Ryōji Noyori (1997) • Samuel J. Danishefsky (1998) • Ralph F. Hirschmann (1999) • David A. Evans (2000) • George Andrew Olah (2001) • Robert Grubbs (2002) • Larry E. Overman (2003) • Barry M. Trost (2004) • K.C. Nicolaou (2005) • Peter G. Schultz (2006) • Jean Fréchet (2007) • James Fraser Stoddart (2008) • Manfred T. Reetz (2009) • Kendall N. Houk (2010) • Nicholas Turro (2011) • Chi-Huey Wong (2012) • Stephen L. Buchwald (2013) • Stuart Schreiber (2014) • Paul A. Wender (2015) • Eric Jacobsen (2016) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2017) • Steven Ley (2018) • Dieter Seebach (2019) • Dennis A. Dougherty (2020)

V · D · M

Vincitori Medaglia Copley 1951-2000

David Keilin (1951) · Paul Dirac (1952) · Albert Kluyver (1953) · Edmund Taylor Whittaker (1954) · Ronald Fisher (1955) · Patrick Blackett (1956) · Howard Florey (1957) · John Edensor Littlewood (1958) · Frank Macfarlane Burnet (1959) · Harold Jeffreys (1960) · Hans Adolf Krebs (1961) · Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1962) · Paul Fildes (1963) · Sydney Chapman (1964) · Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (1965) · William Lawrence Bragg (1966) · Bernard Katz (1967) · Tadeusz Reichstein (1968) · Peter Medawar (1969) · Alexander Todd (1970) · Norman Pirie (1971) · Nevill Francis Mott (1972) · Andrew Huxley (1973) · William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1974) · Francis Crick (1975) · Dorothy Hodgkin (1976) · Frederick Sanger (1977) · Robert Burns Woodward (1978) · Max Perutz (1979) · Derek Barton (1980) · Peter Dennis Mitchell (1981) · John Cornforth (1982) · Rodney Robert Porter (1983) · Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1984) · Aaron Klug (1985) · Rudolf Peierls (1986) · Robert Hill (1987) · Michael Atiyah (1988) · César Milstein (1989) · Abdus Salam (1990) · Sydney Brenner (1991) · George Porter (1992) · James Dewey Watson (1993) · Frederick Charles Frank (1994) · Frank Fenner (1995) · Alan Cottrell (1996) · Hugh Huxley (1997) · James Lighthill (1998) · John Maynard Smith (1999) · Alan Battersby (2000)

1731-1750 · 1751-1800 · 1801-1850 · 1851-1900 · 1901-1950 · 1951-2000 · 2001-2024

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 40246681 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 0965 7250 · LCCN (EN) n82125720 · GND (DE) 121887669 · BNE (ES) XX1496575 (data) · BNF (FR) cb12432479m (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007272391305171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00461430 · CONOR.SI (SL) 212672611 · WorldCat Identities (EN) lccn-n82125720

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