Sindrome post-COVID-19: differenze tra le versioni

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I '''postumi della Covid-19 a lungo termine''' descrivono le sequele a lungo termine della malattia da coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in cui tra 1 su 5 e 1 su 10 persone con COVID-19 sperimentano sintomi come [[affaticamento]], mal di testa, [[dispnea]] e [[anosmia]]<ref name="Kings College London 2020">{{cite web | title=New research identifies those most at risk from 'long COVID' | website=King's College London | date=21 October 2020 | url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/study-identifies-those-most-risk-long-covid | access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>, che durano più di un mese<ref name="urlevidence.nihr.ac.uk">{{cite web | url = https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Living-with-Covid-Themed-Review.pdf | title = Living with Covid19 | author = Elaine Maxwell| authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 30 September 2020| format = | work = | publisher = evidence.nihr.ac.uk | pages = 1-29| language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = }}</ref><ref name=servick>{{cite journal |last=Servick |first=Kelly |name-list-style=vanc |date=8 April 2020 |title=For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/survivors-severe-covid-19-beating-virus-just-beginning |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.abc1486 |doi-access=free |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref name="Callard Perego 2020 p=113426">{{cite journal | last=Callard | first=Felicity | last2=Perego | first2=Dr Elisa | title=How and Why Patients Made Long Covid | journal=Social Science & Medicine | publisher=Elsevier BV | year=2020 | issn=0277-9536 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426 | page=113426}}</ref> e 1 persona su 45 (2,2%) mantiene sintomi che durano più di 12 settimane.<ref name="ZoeOct20">{{cite news |title= Long Covid: Who is more likely to get it?|first =James |last=Gallagher |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-54622059 |date=21 October 2020 |accessdate= 21 October 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name=kingsnew>{{cite web | title=New research identifies those most at risk from 'long COVID' | website=King's College London | date=21 October 2020 | url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/study-identifies-those-most-risk-long-covid | access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Garrigues Janvier Kherabi Le Bot 2020 p. ">{{cite journal | last=Garrigues | first=Eve | last2=Janvier | first2=Paul | last3=Kherabi | first3=Yousra | last4=Le Bot | first4=Audrey | last5=Hamon | first5=Antoine | last6=Gouze | first6=Hélène | last7=Doucet | first7=Lucile | last8=Berkani | first8=Sabryne | last9=Oliosi | first9=Emma | last10=Mallart | first10=Elise | last11=Corre | first11=Félix | last12=Zarrouk | first12=Virginie | last13=Moyer | first13=Jean-Denis | last14=Galy | first14=Adrien | last15=Honsel | first15=Vasco | last16=Fantin | first16=Bruno | last17=Nguyen | first17=Yann | title=Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 | journal=Journal of Infection | publisher=Elsevier BV | year=2020 | issn=0163-4453 | doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 | page=}}</ref>
I '''postumi della Covid-19 a lungo termine''' descrivono le sequele a lungo termine della malattia da coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in cui tra 1 su 5 e 1 su 10 persone con COVID-19 sperimentano sintomi come [[affaticamento]], mal di testa, [[dispnea]] e [[anosmia]]<ref name="Kings College London 2020">{{cite web | title=New research identifies those most at risk from 'long COVID' | website=King's College London | date=21 October 2020 | url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/study-identifies-those-most-risk-long-covid | access-date=25 October 2020}}</ref>, che durano più di un mese<ref name="urlevidence.nihr.ac.uk">{{cite web | url = https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Living-with-Covid-Themed-Review.pdf | title = Living with Covid19 | author = Elaine Maxwell| authorlink = | coauthors = | date = 30 September 2020| format = | work = | publisher = evidence.nihr.ac.uk | pages = 1-29| language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = }}</ref><ref name=servick>{{cite journal |last=Servick |first=Kelly |name-list-style=vanc |date=8 April 2020 |title=For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/survivors-severe-covid-19-beating-virus-just-beginning |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.abc1486 |doi-access=free |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref name="Callard Perego 2020 p=113426">{{cite journal | last=Callard | first=Felicity | last2=Perego | first2=Dr Elisa | title=How and Why Patients Made Long Covid | journal=Social Science & Medicine | publisher=Elsevier BV | year=2020 | issn=0277-9536 | doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426 | page=113426}}</ref> e 1 persona su 45 (2,2%) mantiene sintomi che durano più di 12 settimane.<ref name="ZoeOct20">{{cite news |title= Long Covid: Who is more likely to get it?|first =James |last=Gallagher |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-54622059 |date=21 October 2020 |accessdate= 21 October 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name=kingsnew>{{cite web | title=New research identifies those most at risk from 'long COVID' | website=King's College London | date=21 October 2020 | url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/study-identifies-those-most-risk-long-covid | access-date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Garrigues Janvier Kherabi Le Bot 2020 p. ">{{cite journal | last=Garrigues | first=Eve | last2=Janvier | first2=Paul | last3=Kherabi | first3=Yousra | last4=Le Bot | first4=Audrey | last5=Hamon | first5=Antoine | last6=Gouze | first6=Hélène | last7=Doucet | first7=Lucile | last8=Berkani | first8=Sabryne | last9=Oliosi | first9=Emma | last10=Mallart | first10=Elise | last11=Corre | first11=Félix | last12=Zarrouk | first12=Virginie | last13=Moyer | first13=Jean-Denis | last14=Galy | first14=Adrien | last15=Honsel | first15=Vasco | last16=Fantin | first16=Bruno | last17=Nguyen | first17=Yann | title=Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 | journal=Journal of Infection | publisher=Elsevier BV | year=2020 | issn=0163-4453 | doi=10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029 | page=}}</ref>


== Storia ==
Fin dalle prime segnalazioni della malattia nel dicembre 2019, con il passare del tempo, fino alla diffusione della pandemia della COVID-19 nel 2020, è diventato chiaro che la COVID-19 era diventata una malattia a lungo termine (con [[postumi]] cronici) per molte persone,<ref name="NIHRreportSep20" /><ref name="HarvardOct15">{{cite web|last=Komaroff|first=Anthony | name-list-style = vanc |date=15 October 2020|title=The tragedy of the post-COVID "long haulers"|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-tragedy-of-the-post-covid-long-haulers-2020101521173|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Harvard Health|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, [[Harvard Medical School]]}}</ref> si è visto che in persone che hanno avuto un'infezione iniziale lieve o moderata<ref name="CUMCSep21">{{cite web |url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/even-mild-cases-can-cause-covid-19-fog |title= Even Mild Cases Can Cause "COVID-19 Fog"|publisher= [[Columbia University Irving Medical Center]] |date= 21 September 2020 |access-date= 18 October 2020}}</ref> e in coloro che sono stati ricoverati in ospedale per un'infezione grave.<ref name="servick">{{cite journal |last=Servick |first=Kelly |name-list-style=vanc |date=8 April 2020 |title=For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/survivors-severe-covid-19-beating-virus-just-beginning |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.abc1486 |doi-access=free |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref name="kidslonghaulcnn">{{cite news|last=Smith-Spark|first=Laura | name-list-style = vanc |date=10 August 2020|title=Adults may not be the only Covid 'long haulers.' Kids have symptoms months after falling ill|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/10/health/children-long-covid-symptoms-intl-gbr/index.html|access-date=19 October 2020|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name=""> {{cite web|last=Tanner|first=Claudia | name-list-style = vanc |date=12 August 2020|title=All we know so far about 'long haul' Covid – estimated to affect 600,000 people in the UK|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/long-reads/long-haul-covid-19-post-viral-fatigue-syndrome-explained-573775|access-date=19 October 2020|website=inews|quote=i spoke to Professor [[Tim Spector]] of [[King's College London]] who developed the Covid-19 tracker app}}</ref>
Fin dalle prime segnalazioni della malattia nel dicembre 2019, con il passare del tempo, fino alla diffusione della pandemia della COVID-19 nel 2020, è diventato chiaro che la COVID-19 era diventata una malattia a lungo termine (con [[postumi]] cronici) per molte persone,<ref name="NIHRreportSep20" /><ref name="HarvardOct15">{{cite web|last=Komaroff|first=Anthony | name-list-style = vanc |date=15 October 2020|title=The tragedy of the post-COVID "long haulers"|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-tragedy-of-the-post-covid-long-haulers-2020101521173|access-date=18 October 2020|website=Harvard Health|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, [[Harvard Medical School]]}}</ref> si è visto che in persone che hanno avuto un'infezione iniziale lieve o moderata<ref name="CUMCSep21">{{cite web |url=https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/even-mild-cases-can-cause-covid-19-fog |title= Even Mild Cases Can Cause "COVID-19 Fog"|publisher= [[Columbia University Irving Medical Center]] |date= 21 September 2020 |access-date= 18 October 2020}}</ref> e in coloro che sono stati ricoverati in ospedale per un'infezione grave.<ref name="servick">{{cite journal |last=Servick |first=Kelly |name-list-style=vanc |date=8 April 2020 |title=For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/survivors-severe-covid-19-beating-virus-just-beginning |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.abc1486 |doi-access=free |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref name="kidslonghaulcnn">{{cite news|last=Smith-Spark|first=Laura | name-list-style = vanc |date=10 August 2020|title=Adults may not be the only Covid 'long haulers.' Kids have symptoms months after falling ill|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/10/health/children-long-covid-symptoms-intl-gbr/index.html|access-date=19 October 2020|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name=""> {{cite web|last=Tanner|first=Claudia | name-list-style = vanc |date=12 August 2020|title=All we know so far about 'long haul' Covid – estimated to affect 600,000 people in the UK|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/long-reads/long-haul-covid-19-post-viral-fatigue-syndrome-explained-573775|access-date=19 October 2020|website=inews|quote=i spoke to Professor [[Tim Spector]] of [[King's College London]] who developed the Covid-19 tracker app}}</ref>
Alcuni studi iniziali suggeriscono che tra 1 su 5 e 1 su 10 persone con COVID-19 sperimenteranno sintomi che durano più di un mese. Una prima analisi del National Institute for Health Research del Regno Unitosuggerisce che i sintomi di una Covid-lunga in corso possono essere dovuti a quattro sindromi:<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mahase E | title = Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests | journal = Bmj | volume = 371 | pages = m3981 | date = October 2020 | pmid = 33055076 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.m3981 | url = https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3981 }}</ref><ref name="BBCSep20">{{cite news | date=15 October 2020|title=Coronavirus: Long Covid could be four different syndromes|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-54540544|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref><ref name="NIHRreportSep20">{{cite web | date=15 October 2020|title=Living with Covid19. A dynamic review of the evidence around ongoing covid-19 symptoms (often called long covid) |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Living-with-Covid-Themed-Review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018164508/https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Living-with-Covid-Themed-Review.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-18 |doi=10.3310/themedreview_41169 |doi-access=free |website=[[National Institute for Health Research]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Simpson|first=Frances|last2=Lokugamage|first2=Amali | name-list-style = vanc |date=2020-10-16|title=Counting long covid in children|url=https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/10/16/counting-long-covid-in-children/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The BMJ|language=en-US}}</ref>
Alcuni studi iniziali suggeriscono che tra 1 su 5 e 1 su 10 persone con COVID-19 sperimenteranno sintomi che durano più di un mese. Una prima analisi del National Institute for Health Research del Regno Unitosuggerisce che i sintomi di una Covid-lunga in corso possono essere dovuti a quattro sindromi:<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mahase E | title = Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests | journal = Bmj | volume = 371 | pages = m3981 | date = October 2020 | pmid = 33055076 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.m3981 | url = https://www.bmj.com/content/371/bmj.m3981 }}</ref><ref name="BBCSep20">{{cite news | date=15 October 2020|title=Coronavirus: Long Covid could be four different syndromes|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-54540544|url-status=live|access-date=2020-10-18}}</ref><ref name="NIHRreportSep20">{{cite web | date=15 October 2020|title=Living with Covid19. A dynamic review of the evidence around ongoing covid-19 symptoms (often called long covid) |url=https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Living-with-Covid-Themed-Review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018164508/https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Living-with-Covid-Themed-Review.pdf |archive-date=2020-10-18 |doi=10.3310/themedreview_41169 |doi-access=free |website=[[National Institute for Health Research]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Simpson|first=Frances|last2=Lokugamage|first2=Amali | name-list-style = vanc |date=2020-10-16|title=Counting long covid in children|url=https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/10/16/counting-long-covid-in-children/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The BMJ|language=en-US}}</ref>
Riga 13: Riga 14:
I pazienti con infezione iniziale grave, in particolare quelli che hanno richiesto la [[ventilazione meccanica]] per aiutare la respirazione, possono anche soffrire di sindrome da terapia intensiva dopo la guarigione.<ref name=servick/>
I pazienti con infezione iniziale grave, in particolare quelli che hanno richiesto la [[ventilazione meccanica]] per aiutare la respirazione, possono anche soffrire di sindrome da terapia intensiva dopo la guarigione.<ref name=servick/>


== Curiosità ==
Il termine '''Long Covid''' è stato creato dai pazienti quando, come riferito, è stato utilizzato per la prima volta nel maggio 2020 come [[hashtag]] su [[Twitter]] da Elisa Perego.<ref>{{cite web|last=Perego|first=Elisa|last2=Callard|first2=Felicity|last3=Stras|first3=Laurie|last4=Melville-Jóhannesson|first4=Barbara|last5=Pope|first5=Rachel|last6=Alwan|first6=Nisreen A.|date=1 October 2020|title=Why we need to keep using the patient made term "Long Covid"|url=https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/10/01/why-we-need-to-keep-using-the-patient-made-term-long-covid/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The BMJ|language=en|name-list-style=vanc}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal|last=|first=|vauthors=Callard F, Perego, E|date=17 October 2020|title=How and Why Patients Made Long Covid|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620306456|journal=Social Science & Medicine|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426|via=}}</ref>
I malati vengono spesso definiti ''viaggiatori a lungo raggio'' o ''lunghi-trasportatori''.<ref name="HarvardOct15"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marshall M | title = The lasting misery of coronavirus long-haulers | journal = Nature | volume = 585 | issue = 7825 | pages = 339–341 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32929257 | doi = 10.1038/d41586-020-02598-6 | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02598-6 }}</ref><ref name=longhaulcovidusorg>{{cite web|date=12 July 2020|title=Covid-19 Long Haulers: Meaning, Symptoms, Support Groups|url=https://covid.us.org/2020/07/12/covid-19-long-haulers-meaning-symptoms-support-groups/|access-date=19 October 2020|website=Covid.us.org}}</ref><ref name="hmri">{{cite web | title=What are the long-term symptoms of COVID-19? | website=HMRI | date=4 August 2020 | url=https://hmri.org.au/news-article/what-are-long-term-symptoms-covid-19 | access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="mayo">{{cite web | title=COVID-19 (coronavirus): Long-term effects | website=Mayo Clinic | date=18 August 2020 | url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/coronavirus-long-term-effects/art-20490351 | access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="abclong">{{cite web | title=COVID-19 long-term effects: People report ongoing fatigue, brain fog and breathlessness, so what's happening in the body? |first=Tegan| last=Taylor | name-list-style = vanc | website=ABC News|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation | date=31 July 2020 | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/health/2020-07-31/coronavirus-long-and-medium-term-health-effects/12499436 | access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="racgp">{{cite web | title=What are the long-term health risks following COVID-19? | website=NewsGP | date=24 June 2020|publisher=Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) | url=https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/what-are-the-long-term-health-risks-post-covid-19 | access-date=19 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="carfi">{{cite journal | vauthors = Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F | title = Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19 | journal = Jama | volume = 324 | issue = 6 | pages = 603–605 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32644129 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.12603 | url = https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2768351 | access-date = 19 October 2020 }}</ref>


==Note==
==Note==

Versione delle 15:42, 25 ott 2020

Abbozzo Medicina
Questa voce sull'argomento Medicina è solo un abbozzo.
Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento.
Voce principale: COVID-19.

I postumi della Covid-19 a lungo termine descrivono le sequele a lungo termine della malattia da coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in cui tra 1 su 5 e 1 su 10 persone con COVID-19 sperimentano sintomi come affaticamento, mal di testa, dispnea e anosmia[1], che durano più di un mese[2][3][4] e 1 persona su 45 (2,2%) mantiene sintomi che durano più di 12 settimane.[5][6][7]

Storia

Fin dalle prime segnalazioni della malattia nel dicembre 2019, con il passare del tempo, fino alla diffusione della pandemia della COVID-19 nel 2020, è diventato chiaro che la COVID-19 era diventata una malattia a lungo termine (con postumi cronici) per molte persone,[8][9] si è visto che in persone che hanno avuto un'infezione iniziale lieve o moderata[10] e in coloro che sono stati ricoverati in ospedale per un'infezione grave.[3][11][12] Alcuni studi iniziali suggeriscono che tra 1 su 5 e 1 su 10 persone con COVID-19 sperimenteranno sintomi che durano più di un mese. Una prima analisi del National Institute for Health Research del Regno Unitosuggerisce che i sintomi di una Covid-lunga in corso possono essere dovuti a quattro sindromi:[13][14][8][15]

  • danno permanente ai polmoni e al cuore,
  • sindrome post-terapia intensive,
  • sindrome da stanchezza post-virale e
  • sintomi COVID-19 continui.

La maggioranza, fino all'80%,[16] di coloro che sono stati ricoverati in ospedale con una malattia grave ha problemi a lungo termine tra cui affaticamento e mancanza di respiro (dispnea).[17][8][18] I pazienti con infezione iniziale grave, in particolare quelli che hanno richiesto la ventilazione meccanica per aiutare la respirazione, possono anche soffrire di sindrome da terapia intensiva dopo la guarigione.[3]

Curiosità

Il termine Long Covid è stato creato dai pazienti quando, come riferito, è stato utilizzato per la prima volta nel maggio 2020 come hashtag su Twitter da Elisa Perego.[19][20] I malati vengono spesso definiti viaggiatori a lungo raggio o lunghi-trasportatori.[9][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]

Note

  1. ^ New research identifies those most at risk from 'long COVID', su kcl.ac.uk, 21 October 2020.
  2. ^ Elaine Maxwell, Living with Covid19 (PDF), su evidence.nihr.ac.uk, 30 September 2020, 1-29.
  3. ^ a b c Kelly Servick, For survivors of severe COVID-19, beating the virus is just the beginning, in Science, 8 April 2020, DOI:10.1126/science.abc1486.
  4. ^ Felicity Callard, How and Why Patients Made Long Covid, in Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier BV, 2020, DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426.
  5. ^ James Gallagher, Long Covid: Who is more likely to get it?, BBC, 21 October 2020. URL consultato il 21 October 2020.
  6. ^ New research identifies those most at risk from 'long COVID', su kcl.ac.uk, 21 October 2020.
  7. ^ Eve Garrigues, Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19, in Journal of Infection, Elsevier BV, 2020, DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.08.029.
  8. ^ a b c Living with Covid19. A dynamic review of the evidence around ongoing covid-19 symptoms (often called long covid) (PDF), su evidence.nihr.ac.uk, 15 October 2020.
  9. ^ a b Anthony Komaroff, The tragedy of the post-COVID "long haulers", su health.harvard.edu, Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School, 15 October 2020.
  10. ^ Even Mild Cases Can Cause "COVID-19 Fog", su cuimc.columbia.edu, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 21 September 2020.
  11. ^ Laura Smith-Spark, Adults may not be the only Covid 'long haulers.' Kids have symptoms months after falling ill, 10 August 2020.
  12. ^ Claudia Tanner, All we know so far about 'long haul' Covid – estimated to affect 600,000 people in the UK, su inews.co.uk, 12 August 2020.
    «i spoke to Professor Tim Spector of King's College London who developed the Covid-19 tracker app»
  13. ^ Mahase E, Long covid could be four different syndromes, review suggests, in Bmj, vol. 371, October 2020, pp. m3981, DOI:10.1136/bmj.m3981.
  14. ^ Coronavirus: Long Covid could be four different syndromes, in BBC News, 15 October 2020.
  15. ^ (EN) Frances Simpson, Counting long covid in children, su blogs.bmj.com, 16 ottobre 2020.
  16. ^ Bridget Fitzgerald, Long-haul COVID-19 patients will need special treatment and extra support, according to new guide for GPs - ABC News, su abc.net.au, 14 October 2020.
  17. ^ Summary of COVID-19 Long Term Health Effects: Emerging evidence and Ongoing Investigation (PDF), su globalhealth.washington.edu, University of Washington, 1º September 2020.
  18. ^ How long does COVID-19 last?, su covid.joinzoe.com, UK COVID Symptom Study, 6 June 2020.
  19. ^ (EN) Elisa Perego, Why we need to keep using the patient made term "Long Covid", su blogs.bmj.com, 1º October 2020.
  20. ^ Callard F, Perego, E, How and Why Patients Made Long Covid, in Social Science & Medicine, 17 October 2020, DOI:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426.
  21. ^ Marshall M, The lasting misery of coronavirus long-haulers, in Nature, vol. 585, n. 7825, September 2020, pp. 339–341, DOI:10.1038/d41586-020-02598-6.
  22. ^ Covid-19 Long Haulers: Meaning, Symptoms, Support Groups, su covid.us.org, 12 July 2020.
  23. ^ What are the long-term symptoms of COVID-19?, su hmri.org.au, 4 August 2020.
  24. ^ COVID-19 (coronavirus): Long-term effects, su mayoclinic.org, 18 August 2020.
  25. ^ Tegan Taylor, COVID-19 long-term effects: People report ongoing fatigue, brain fog and breathlessness, so what's happening in the body?, su abc.net.au, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 31 July 2020.
  26. ^ What are the long-term health risks following COVID-19?, su www1.racgp.org.au, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP), 24 June 2020.
  27. ^ Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19, in Jama, vol. 324, n. 6, August 2020, pp. 603–605, DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.12603.

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Template:Pandemia di COVID-19 del 2019-2020

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Estratto da "https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sindrome_post-COVID-19&oldid=116242657"