Gentrificazione

Con il termine gentrificazione (in inglese, gentrification, deriva da "gentry", termine che indica la piccola nobilità inglese) si indicano i cambiamenti socio-culturali in un'area, risultanti dall'acquisto di beni immobili da parte di una fascia di popolazione benestante in una comunità meno ricca.

Il termine gentrification è stato introdotto in ambito accademico dalla sociologa inglese Ruth Glass per descrivere i cambiamenti fisici e sociali di un quartiere di Londra che sono seguiti all'installazione di un nuovo gruppo sociale di classe media. A tal propisito C. Hamnett scrive: "She identified gentrification as a complex process, or set of processes, involving physical improvement of the housing stock, housing tenure change from renting to owning, price rises, and the displacement or replacement of the existing working-class population by the middle classes." (G.Bridge, S. Watson , (2000), “A companion to the city”, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers)

Questi cambiamenti sono tipici nelle periferie urbane ma soprattutto nei centri storici e nei quartieri centrali, soprattutto nelle zone con un certo degrado da un punto di vista edilizio e con costi abitativi bassi. Nel momento in cui queste zone vengono sottoposte a restauro e miglioramento urbano, tendono a far affluire su di loro nuovi abitanti ad alto reddito e ad espellere i vecchi abitanti a basso reddito, i quali non possono più permettersi di risiedervi.

Fonti

• Booza, Jason, Cutsinger, Jackie, and Galster, George. "Where Did They Go? The Decline of Middle-Income Neighborhoods in Metropolitan America." Brookings Institution, July 28, 2006. [1].
• Cash, Stephanie. “Landlords put a squeeze on Brooklyn artists.” Art in America v. 89 (3), pp. 39–40.
• Castells, M. (1983) "Cultural identity, sexual liberation and urban structure: the gay community in San Francisco" in M. Castells, The City and the Grassroots: A Cross-Cultural Theory of Urban Social Movements (Edward Arnold, London) pp. 138–170.
• Friedman, John. “The world-city hypothesis.” From World Cities in a World-System, Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Taylor (eds), Cambridge UP, 1995, pp. 317–331. (originally published 1986).
• Hamnett, Chris. “The blind men and the elephant: the explanation of gentrification.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 1991, v. 16, pp. 173–189.
• Hamnett, Chris. "Gentrifiers or lemmings? A response to Neil Smith.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 1992, v. 17, pp. 116–119.
• Knox, Paul L. “The restless urban landscape: Economic and Sociocultural change and the transformation of metropolitan Washington, DC.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1991, v. 81, pp. 181–209.
• Lang, Michael. Gentrification Amid Urban Decline. Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company, 1982.
• Ley, David. “Alternative explanations for inner-city gentrification: a Canadian assessment.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 1986, v. 76, pp. 521–535.
• Ley, David. “Gentrification and the politics of the new middle class.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1994, v. 12, pp. 53–74.
• Ley, David. “Reply: the rent-gap revisited.” Annals of the Association of the American Geographers 1987, v. 77, pp. 465–468.
• Lloyd, Richard. Neo-Bohemia. Routledge, 2006. ISBN 0-415-95182-8.
• Maag, Christopher. "In Cincinnati, Life Breaths Anew in Riot-Scarred Area". New York Times.com 2006. 25 November 2006.<http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/25/us/25cincy.html?em&ex=1164603600&en=dfab95c25ea61a91&ei=5087%0A>.
• Mele, Christopher. Selling the Lower East Side. Univ of Minnesota, 2000. ISBN 0-8166-3182-4.
• Moore, Keith. "From redline to renaissance". Salon.com, August 2, 1999.
• Over-the-Rhine neighborhood, Cincinnati, Ohio. Wikipedia.org 2006. 22 November 2006.
• Papayis, Marilyn Adler. “Sex and the revanchist city: zoning out pornography in New York.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2000, v. 18, pp. 341–353.
• Rose, Demaris. “Rethinking gentrification: beyond the uneven development of marxist theory.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 1984, v. 2, pp. 47–74.
• Sassen, Saskia. “On concentration and centrality in the global city.” From World Cities in a World-System, Paul L. Knox and Peter J. Taylor (eds), Cambridge UP, 1995 pp. 63–75.
• Smith, N. (1987) "Gentrification and the rent-gap", Annals of the Association of American Geographers 77 (3) pp. 462–465.
• Smith, N. (1996) The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City. (Routledge, London).
• Zukin, Sharon. Loft Living. Rutgers UP, 1989. ISBN 0-8135-1389-8 (originally published 1982).

Note

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