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Baruch Kopel Goldstein (in ebraico ברוך קופל גולדשטיין‎?; Dicembre 9, 1956 – Febbraio 25, 1994) è stato un medico e un terrorista israeliano nato negli Stati Uniti che ha perpetrato il massacro della cava dei patriarchi nel 1994, uccidendo 29 musulmani palestinesi e ferendone altre 125[1][2]

Il governo israeliano condannò il massacro e rispose arrestando i seguaci di Meir Kahane

The Israeli government condemned the massacre and responded by arresting followers of Meir Kahane, forbidding certain settlers from entering Arab towns and demanding that those settlers turn in their army-issued rifles.[3] Goldstein was denounced by mainstream Orthodox Judaism[4] and was widely described as insane by Israelis.[5]

Goldstein's gravesite became a pilgrimage site for Jewish extremists.[6] In 1999, after the passing of Israeli legislation outlawing monuments to terrorists, the Israeli army dismantled the shrine that had been built to Goldstein at the site of his interment.[7]

Early life and education[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Goldstein nacque a Brooklyn, New York, da una famiglia di Ebrei ortodossi. He attended the Yeshiva of Flatbush religious day school and Yeshiva University.[8] He received his medical training at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He belonged to the Jewish Defense League (JDL), a militant Jewish organization founded by his boyhood acquaintance Meir Kahane.[9]

Immigration to Israel[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Goldstein immigrated to Israel in 1983.[10] He served as a physician in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), first as a conscript, then in the reserve forces. Following the end of his active duty, Goldstein worked as a physician and lived in the Israeli settlement of Kiryat Arba near Hebron, where he worked as an emergency doctor, and was involved in treating victims of Arab-Israeli violence.[11] Israeli press reports stated that Goldstein refused to treat Arabs, even Arab soldiers serving in the IDF; this was also reflected in comments by his acquaintances,[12] although there was one account of him treating a wounded Palestinian. Goldstein was active in Kahane's Kach party and was third on the party list for the Knesset during the 1984 elections.[13] He compared Israel's democracy to Germany under Nazism, and was in the habit of wearing a yellow star with the word Jude on it.[14]

Massacre[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: Cave of the Patriarchs massacre.

On February 25, 1994, that year's Purim day, Goldstein entered a room in the Cave of the Patriarchs that was serving as a mosque, wearing "his army uniform with the insignia of rank, creating the image of a reserve officer on active duty." [15] He then opened fire, killing 29 worshippers and wounding more than 125.[16] Mosque guard Mohammad Suleiman Abu Saleh said he thought that Goldstein was trying to kill as many people as possible and described how there were "bodies and blood everywhere".[17] Eventually, Goldstein was overcome and beaten to death by survivors of the massacre.[18] According to Ian Lustick, "by mowing down Arabs he believed wanted to kill Jews, Goldstein was reenacting part of the Purim story."[19]

Palestinian protests immediately followed the shooting; in the following week, 25 Palestinians were killed by the Israel Defense Forces, and five Israelis were killed as well.[20] According to Aditi Bhaduri, writing in The Hindu, following the riots, Israel imposed a two-week curfew on the 120,000 Palestinian residents of Hebron.[21] Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin telephoned PLO leader Yasser Arafat, and described the attack as a "loathsome, criminal act of murder".[17] The Israeli government condemned the massacre, and responded by arresting followers of Meir Kahane, forbidding certain settlers from entering Arab towns, and demanding that those settlers turn in their army-issued rifles.[3] Goldstein was immediately "denounced with shocked horror even by the mainstream Orthodox",[4] and most in Israel classified Goldstein as insane.[5]

Gravesite and shrine[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Goldstein's tomb.

Goldstein is buried across from the Meir Kahane Memorial Park in Kiryat Arba, a Jewish settlement adjacent to Hebron. The park is named in memory of Rabbi Meir Kahane, founder of the Israeli far-right political party Kach, a group classified by the United States and Israeli governments as a terrorist organization. Goldstein was a long-time devotee of Kahane.[10]

The gravesite has become a pilgrimage site for Jewish extremists; a plaque near the grave reads "To the holy Baruch Goldstein, who gave his life for the Jewish people, the Torah and the nation of Israel." At least 10,000 people have visited the grave since the massacre.[6] In 1996, members of the Labor Party called for the shrine-like landscaped prayer area near the grave to be removed, and Israeli security officials expressed concern that the grave would encourage extremists.[22] In 1999, following passage of a law designed to prohibit monuments to terrorists, and an associated Supreme Court ruling, the Israeli Army bulldozed the shrine and prayer area set up near Goldstein's grave.[23]

Veneration of Goldstein and celebration of the massacre[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

At Goldstein's funeral, Rabbi Yaacov Perrin claimed that even one million Arabs are "not worth a Jewish fingernail".[24][25][26] Samuel Hacohen, a teacher at a Jerusalem college, declared Goldstein the "greatest Jew alive, not in one way but in every way" and said that he was "the only one who could do it, the only one who was 100 percent perfect."[25][26] In contrast, mainstream Jewish religious leaders "rejected the suggestion that killing Palestinians with an automatic rifle" was authorized by the Torah.[24] Rabbi Dov Lior of Kiryat Arba declared that Goldstein was "holier than all the martyrs of the Holocaust."[27] In the weeks following the massacre, hundreds of Israelis traveled to Goldstein's grave to celebrate Goldstein's actions. Some Hasidim danced and sang around his grave.[28] Although the government has said that those who celebrated the massacre represented only a tiny minority of Israelis, a New York Times report states that Israeli government claims may understate the phenomenon.[28] According to one visitor to the gravesite in the wake of the attacks, "If [Goldstein] stopped these so-called peace talks, then he is truly holy because this is not real peace."[28] Some visitors kissed and hugged the gravestone, or even kissed the earth under which Goldstein was buried, declaring him a "saint" and "hero of Israel".[28]

The phenomenon of the adoration of Goldstein's tomb persisted for years, despite Israeli government efforts to crack down on those making pilgrimage to Goldstein's grave site.[6] The grave's epitaph said that Goldstein "gave his life for the people of Israel, its Torah and land".[7] In 1999, after the passing of Israeli legislation outlawing monuments to terrorists, the Israeli army dismantled the shrine that had been built to Goldstein at the site of his interment.[7] In the years after the dismantling of the shrine, radical Jewish settlers continued to celebrate the anniversary of the massacre in the West Bank, sometimes even dressing up themselves or their children to look like Goldstein.[6][29]

In 2010, Jewish settlers were criticized that during celebrations of Purim they sang songs praising Baruch Goldstein's massacre demonstratively in front of their Arab neighbours. A phrase from the song reads "Dr. Goldstein, there is none other like you in the world. Dr. Goldstein, we all love you… he aimed at terrorists' heads, squeezed the trigger hard, and shot bullets, and shot, and shot."[30]

See also[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

References[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  1. ^ "CIA paper cites Jewish acts of terrorism", JTA, 26 August 2010
  2. ^ Hillel Kutler, "US report cites increase in terrorism deaths in Israel", Jerusalem Post, 30 April 1995
  3. ^ a b Clyde Haberman, West Bank Massacre; Israel Eases Curfew in Territories; Ensuing Riots Deepen Pessimism, in The New York Times, March 3, 1994. URL consultato il October 19, 2009.
    «But he [Rabin] has imposed tougher measures against a relatively small number of the most militant settlers, which, while far from what the Palestinians want, represents a significant shift for the Government. Several days after ordering the arrest of five people faithful to the anti-Arab preaching of the late Rabbi Meir Kahane, the army began today to carry out other measures, telling 18 settlers to stay out of Arab towns and to turn in their army-issued rifles.»
  4. ^ a b The ethics of war in Asian civilizations: a comparative perspective By Torkel Brekke, Routledge, 2006, p.44
  5. ^ a b Wilson, Rodney. 2007. Review Article: Islam and Terrorism. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. 34(2):203-213. [1]. (accessed 29 August 2010).
  6. ^ a b c d Graveside party celebrates Hebron massacre, su news.bbc.co.uk, BBC News, March 21, 2000. URL consultato il October 19, 2009.
  7. ^ a b c GreenBerg, Joel. "Israel destroys shrine to mosque gunman", December 30, 1999, New York Times.
  8. ^ Precker, Michael. "Brooklyn's image as extremist hotbed disputed by some Borough defenders say ties to Israel cherished, but radical groups aren't", The Dallas Morning News, March 20, 1994. Accessed August 6, 2007. "'This is not what we are teaching,' said Rabbi David Eliach, principal at the Yeshiva of Flatbush, where Dr. Goldstein attended high school."
  9. ^ BBC NEWS "Goldstein had been a member of the Jewish Defense League."
  10. ^ a b Richard Lacayo, Lisa Beyer, Massimo Calabresi, and Eric Silver, The Making of a Murderous Fanatic, in Time, March 7, 1994. URL consultato il October 19, 2009.
  11. ^ BBC NEWS "Goldstein had lived in Israel for 11 years and was a doctor in the Jewish settlement of Kiryat Arba, just outside Hebron." "As the settlement's main emergency doctor he was involved in treating victims of Arab-Israeli violence."
  12. ^ Mass-mediated Terrorism Brigitte Lebens Nacos, Rowman & Littlefield, 2002
  13. ^ "Brother Against Brother" By Ehud Sprinzak pg. 242
  14. ^ Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger,Jewish Terrorism in Israel, Columbia Univerity Press, 2011. p.71.
  15. ^ http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Law/Legal%20Issues%20and%20Rulings/COMMISSION%20OF%20INQUIRY-%20MASSACRE%20AT%20THE%20TOMB%20OF%20THE
  16. ^ Settlers remember gunman Goldstein; Hebron riots continue. Issacharoff, Avi. Haaretz. March 01, 2010.
  17. ^ a b On This Day 1994: Jewish settler kills 30 at holy site, February 25, 2005, BBC News.
  18. ^ When Fury Rules, in Time, March 7, 1994.
  19. ^ Ian Lustick, For The Land and The Lord, Council on Foreign Relations (1988) 2nd ed., 1994, Preface
  20. ^ Middle East Journal, Chronology, vol 48, no 3 (Summer 1994) p. 511 ff.
  21. ^ Bhaduri Aditi, Fabled town, divided and bruised, in The Hindu, May 21, 2006. URL consultato il October 19, 2009.
    «Still fresh in the memory of almost all the inhabitants was the Goldstein case of 1994, when a two-week curfew was imposed on the 1,20,000 Palestinian residents of the city, while the 400 Jewish settlers of H2 were free to move around.»
  22. ^ "Goldstein's grave draws extremists", Jewish Telegraphic Agency, November 22, 1996.
  23. ^ "Israel removes shrine to mosque murderer", CNN, 29 December 1999.
  24. ^ a b Scott Kraft, Extremists Pay Tribute to Killer of 48 at Funeral, 28 febbraio 1994, p. A1.
  25. ^ a b Allan C. Brownfeld, Growing Intolerance Threatens the Humane Jewish Tradition, in Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, March 1999, pp. 84–89. URL consultato l'11 aprile 2011.
  26. ^ a b Emran Qureshi, Michael Anthony Sells, The new crusades: constructing the Muslim enemy, Columbia University Press, 2003, p. 129, ISBN 0-231-12667-0.
  27. ^ Sefi Rachlevsky,'Ruth Calderon in the wonderland of mutilated Israeli ideology,' at Haaretz, 10 April 2013
  28. ^ a b c d Haberman, Clyde."Hundreds Of Jews Gather To Honor Hebron killer", April 1, 1994, New York Times.
  29. ^ Bouckaert, Peter. Center of the Storm: a case study of human rights abuses in Hebron District, 2001, page 82.
  30. ^ http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3857671,00.html Sheikh Jarrah Jews praise Baruch Goldstein on Purim

External links[modifica | modifica wikitesto]


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