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Template:Infobox holiday Asteroid Day (also known as International Asteroid Day) is an annual global event which is held on the anniversary of the Siberian Tunguska event that took place on June 30, 1908, the most harmful known asteroid-related event on Earth in recent history.[1][2][3] The United Nations has proclaimed it be observed globally on June 30 every year in its resolution. Asteroid Day aims to raise awareness about asteroids and what can be done to protect the Earth, its families, communities, and future generations from a catastrophic event. For example, 2014 HQ124, discovered April 23, 2014, went past 1,250,000 km from Earth the same year, June 8th, only 46 days after discovery, and 2015 TB145, went past at 490,000 km only 21 days after its discovery.

History[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Asteroid Day was co-founded by Stephen Hawking, filmmaker Grigorij Richters, B612 Foundation President, Danica Remy, Apollo 9 astronaut Rusty Schweickart and Brian May, Queen guitarist and astrophysicist.[3] [4] Over 200 astronauts, scientists, technologists and artists, including Richard Dawkins, Bill Nye, Peter Gabriel, Jim Lovell, Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins, Alexei Leonov, Bill Anders, Kip Thorne, Lord Martin Rees, Chris Hadfield, Rusty Schweickart and Brian Cox co-signed the Asteroid Day Declaration.[2][5] Asteroid Day was officially launched on December 3, 2014.[6] In February 2014, Brian May began working with Grigorij Richters, director of the film 51 Degrees North, the story of a fictional asteroid impact on London and the human condition resulting from such an event. May composed the music for the film.[7][8][9] After screening the film at the 2014 Starmus Festival, Remy, Schweickart, Richters and May co-founded Asteroid Day in October 2014 which they officially announced during a press conference with Lord Martin Rees, Rusty Schweickart, Ed Lu, Thomas Jones, Ryan Watt and Bill Nye. The event was live streamed from the Science Museum in London, the California Academy of Sciences, New York and São Paulo.[10] On Asteroid Day 2017, minor planet 248750 (discoverer M. Dawson) was officially named Asteroidday by the International Astronomical Union.[11]

Asteroid Day declaration[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

The workgroup of Asteroid Day created a declaration called "100X Declaration", which appeals to all scientists and technologists who are supporting the idea of saving the earth from asteroids, but not only specialists are asked to sign, everyone can sign this declaration. Today, the 100X Declaration has been signed by more than 22,000 private citizens.[5][7][12][13]

Radar images and a computer model of an asteroid

More than 1M asteroids have the potential to impact Earth and through all the available telescopes worldwide, we have discovered only about one percent. The 100X Declaration calls for increasing the asteroid discovery rate to 100,000 (or 100x) per year within the next 10 years. “The more we learn about asteroid impacts, the clearer it became that the human race has been living on borrowed time,” remarked Brian May. “Asteroid Day and the 100X Declaration are ways for the public to contribute to an awareness of the Earth’s vulnerability and the realization that Asteroids hit Earth all the time.” Asteroid Day is a vehicle to garner public support to increase our knowledge of when asteroids might strike and how we can protect ourselves.”[7]

The main three goals are:

  1. Employ available technology to detect and track Near-Earth Asteroids that threaten human populations via governments and private and philanthropic organisations.
  2. A rapid hundred-fold acceleration of the discovery and tracking of Near-Earth Asteroids to 100,000 per year within the next ten years.
  3. Global adoption of Asteroid Day, heightening awareness of the asteroid hazard and our efforts to prevent impacts, on June 30 - With the United Nations recognition, this action item has been achieved.[14]

Asteroid Day 2015-2019[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

According to the AsteroidDay.org website, over 2000 events participated in global activities on June 30 in its first five years across 78 countries.[15] 41 astronauts and cosmonauts participated in activities on the day.[16] The general goal was to raise awareness about the threat posed by asteroid impacts. Institutions such as Institut de Ciències de l'Espai,[17] the Natural History Museum in Vienna,[18] the American Natural History Museum,[19] the California Academy of Sciences,[20] the Science Museum in London,[21] the SETI institute,[22] the European Space Agency,[23] the UK Space Agency,[24] among others participated in educational activities. The first Asteroid Day was held on June 30, 2015.

United Nations[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

In February 2016, Romanian astronaut Dumitru Prunariu and the Association of Space Explorers submitted a proposal to the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations which was accepted by the subcommittee and in June 2016 the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space included the recommendation in its report. The report of the Committee was presented for approval to the United Nations General Assembly's 71st session, which it approved on December 6, 2016.[25]

In its resolution the United Nations declares "30 June International Asteroid Day to observe each year at the international level the anniversary of the Tunguska impact over Siberia, Russian Federation, on 30 June 1908 and to raise public awareness about the asteroid impact hazard."[26]

References[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  1. ^ "Trigo-Rodríguez J.M., Palme H., Gritsevich M. (2017) Barcelona Asteroid Day 2015: Revisiting the Threat by Asteroid and Comet Impact. In: Trigo-Rodríguez J., Gritsevich M., Palme H. (eds) Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, vol 46. Springer, Cham https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-46179-3_1"
  2. ^ a b Wall, Mike. "'Asteroid Day' to Raise Awareness of Space Rock Threat" Space.com Dec. 3, 2014. http://www.space.com/27921-asteroid-day-dangerous-near-earth-objects.html
  3. ^ a b Clark, Dr. Stuart. "Second anniversary of Chelyabinsk meteorite strike" The Guardian Feb. 15, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/science/across-the-universe/2015/feb/15/second-anniversary-of-chelyabinsk-meteorite-strike
  4. ^ ">Elgan Rhodri Hearn. "Spaceguard centre in Knighton pay tribute to scientific genius Stephen Hawking" Country Times March 14, 2018. https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/16086132.spaceguard-centre-in-knighton-pay-tribute-to-scientific-genius-stephen-hawking/
  5. ^ a b Asteroid Day List of Signatories Archiviato il 18 maggio 2017 in Internet Archive.
  6. ^ Knapton, Sarah. "Asteroids could wipe out humanity, warn Richard Dawkins and Brian Cox" The Telegraph Dec. 4, 2014. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/11272393/Asteroids-could-wipe-out-humanity-warn-Richard-Dawkins-and-Brian-Cox.html
  7. ^ a b c "Our story" AsteroidDay.org http://www.asteroidday.org/our-story Archiviato il 1º luglio 2017 in Internet Archive.
  8. ^ Clark, Stuart. "Brian May warns of catastrophic threat to Earth from asteroids – video" The Guardian VIDEO June 30, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/science/video/2015/jun/30/brian-may-warns-catastrophic-threat-earth-asteroid-video
  9. ^ Rajan, Nitya. "Brian May Talks Armageddon And Why The 'Bruce Willis Solution' Won't Work" Huffington Post July 8, 2015. http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/07/08/queen-brian-may-asteroid-day-armageddon_n_7750550.html
  10. ^ Blitzer, Jonathan. "The Age of Asteroids" The New Yorker Dec. 10, 2014. http://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/age-asteroids
  11. ^ Minor Planet Center
  12. ^ Rao, Nathan. "Scores of GIANT asteroids on course to hurtle past Earth within the month, NASA reveals" Express Jan. 1, 2015. http://www.express.co.uk/news/nature/549722/Giant-asteroids-close-Earth-month-February-Nasa
  13. ^ Highfield, Roger. "Asteroid Day Declaration at Science Museum" The Science Museum, Blog December 4, 2014. http://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/asteroid-day-declaration-at-science-museum
  14. ^ Rob Verger. "International Asteroid Day will be June 30, UN proclaims" FOX News, Dec. 7, 2016. http://www.foxnews.com/science/2016/12/07/international-asteroid-day-will-be-june-30-un-proclaims.html
  15. ^ "AsteroidDay.org Events page" Asteroidday.org http://www.asteroidday.org/events
  16. ^ "Get set for Asteroid Day" Astronomy Magazine June 24, 2015. http://www.astronomy.com/news/2015/06/get-set-for-asteroid-day
  17. ^ "Assessment and Mitigation of Asteroid Impact Hazards, Trigo-Rodríguez J.M., Gritsevich M., Palme H. (Eds.) Proceedings of the 2015 Barcelona Asteroid Day. Springer International Publishing (2017), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46179-3"
  18. ^ "Der erste Internationale ASTEROID DAY" NHM Vienna June 30, 2015. http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/veranstaltungsprogramm/1_internationaler_asteroid_day
  19. ^ Johnson, Billy. "Happy Asteroid Day: We Are Woefully Unprepared!" Newsweek, June 30, 2015. http://www.newsweek.com/happy-asteroid-awareness-day-were-all-going-die-348887
  20. ^ "Asteroid Day San Francisco" SpaceRef, June 30, 2015. http://spaceref.com/calendar/calendar.html?pid=8757
  21. ^ Highfield, Roger. "Why is Asteroid Day important?" Inside the Science Museum, blog, June 11, 2015. http://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/why-is-asteroid-day-important/
  22. ^ "Asteroid Day Special Event - Michael Busch and Peter Jenniskens (SETI Talks)" SETI Institute June 30, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1DkX639kUk
  23. ^ "Asteroid Day - ESA Experts Explain the Nature and Threat of Asteroids" ESA Space videos, June 30, 2015. http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos/2015/06/Asteroid_Day_-_ESA_experts_explain_the_nature_and_threat_of_asteroids
  24. ^ "It's #AsteroidDay! @51degreesmovie premiers tonight @sciencemuseum, raising awareness of asteroid threats from space" UK Space Agency Twitter account, June 30, 2015. https://twitter.com/spacegovuk/status/615809854800670721
  25. ^ ESA, UN recognises 30 June as Asteroid Day, su esa.int.
  26. ^ UNGA Resolution 2016 (A_71_492), "International cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space" December 6, 2016. https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B26qPfEwFxyCMnVjZVNCOFhYcW12QXJIUUN6WU1oRXhuRHZv

External links[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Template:Asteroids

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