Albula vulpes

Albula vulpes
Stato di conservazione
Prossimo alla minaccia (nt)
Classificazione scientifica
Dominio	Eukaryota
Regno	Animalia
Sottoregno	Eumetazoa
Superphylum	Deuterostomia
Phylum	Chordata
Subphylum	Vertebrata
Infraphylum	Gnathostomata
Superclasse	Osteichthyes
Classe	Actinopterygii
Sottoclasse	Neopterygii
Infraclasse	Teleostei
Superordine	Elopomorpha
Ordine	Albuliformes
Famiglia	Albulidae
Genere	Albula
Specie	A. vulpes
Nomenclatura binomiale
Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sinonimi
vedi testo
Nomi comuni
Bonefish Pesce signora Volpe biancastra

Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), noto in tutto il mondo con il nome di bonefish, è un pesce osseo marino e d'acqua salmastra della famiglia Albulidae.

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Descrizione

È un pesce affusolato con testa grande con muso allungato sulla cui parte inferiore si apre la bocca, piuttosto piccola. La pinna caudale è grande e profondamente forcuta, il peduncolo caudale è abbastanza sottile. Le pinne non presentano raggi spinosi ma solo molli: la pinna dorsale e la pinna anale sono brevi, l'anale è posta molto indietro, a ridosso del peduncolo caudale. Le pinne ventrali sono anch'esse inserite molto posteriormente, sotto la pinna dorsale; le pinne pettorali sono inserite in basso, in prossimità del profilo ventrale.

Il colore è argenteo con linee scure longitudinali simili a quelle del comune cefalo.

La taglia raggiunge il metro per 10 kg di peso.

Biologia

I giovani formano banchi numerosi, i grandi esemplari sono perlopiù solitari.

Riproduzione

Le larve sono leptocefali.

Alimentazione

Si ciba di organismi bentonici come crostacei, molluschi, vermi, ecc.

Distribuzione e habitat

Questa specie è molto diffusa nelle acque americane, sia sul lato dell'Oceano Pacifico (dalla California al Perù) che su quello atlantico (dagli USA meridionali al Brasile). È molto comune nel mar dei Caraibi e nel golfo del Messico. È presente , anche se in densità minore, in certe zone dell'oceano Indiano.

Popola le acque costiere molto basse e vicine alla costa su fondi sabbiosi o fangosi, soprattutto in zone con debole idrodinamismo come golfi e baie. Essendo eurialino frequenta anche gli estuari.

Tassonomia

Sinonimi

• Albula conorynchus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
• Albula lacustris Walbaum, 1792
• Albula parrae Valenciennes, 1847
• Albula plumieri Bloch & Schneider, 1801
• Albula rostrata Gray, 1854
• Amia immaculata Bloch & Schneider, 1801
• Butyrinus bananus Lacepède, 1803
• Clupea brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider, 1801
• Clupea macrocephala Lacepède, 1803
• Engraulis bahiensis Spix, 1829
• Engraulis sericus Spix, 1829
• Esox vulpes Linnaeus, 1758
• Esunculus costai Kaup, 1856
• Glossodus forskalii Spix & Agassiz, 1829

Pesca

Le carni sono liscose e scadenti per cui non ha alcun interesse economico o alimentare. Ciò nonostante è insidiato massicciamente da pescatori sportivi che lo insidiano principalmente a mosca a causa della strenua difesa che oppone alla cattura.

Bibliografia

• Adams, A.J., Wolfe, R.K., Tringali, M.D., Wallace, E.M. and Kellison, G.T. 2008. Rethinking the status of Albula spp. biology in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic. In: J.S. Ault (ed.), Biology and management of the world tarpon and bonefish fisheries, pp. 203-214. CRC Press, Boca Raton.
• Alexander, E.C. 1961. A contribution to the life history, biology, and geographical distribution of the bonefish, Albula vulpes (Linnaeus). Dana-Report 53: 1-51.
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• Layman, C.A. and Silliman, B.R. 2002. Preliminary Survey and Diet Analysis of Juvenile Fishes of an Estuarine Creek on Andros Island, Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science 70(1): 199-210.
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Altri progetti

Altri progetti

• Wikimedia Commons
• Wikispecies

• Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Albula vulpes
• Wikispecies contiene informazioni su Albula vulpes

Collegamenti esterni

• (EN) (EN) Albula vulpes, su FishBase. URL consultato il 12.05.2012.