Utente:Grasso Luigi/sandbox2/Pippard
Pippard Alfred[1] (Earl's Court, Londra (UK), 7 settembre 1920 – Cambridge (UK), 21 settembre 2008) è stato un fisico, professore all'Università di Cambridge laureatosi al collegio di Clare Hall a Cambridge. britannico.
Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, FRS [2] è stato un fisico britannico. Dal 1971-1982 è stato professore al laboratorio Cavendish e membro onororario (Honorary Fellow) del collegio Clare Hall, di cui è stato il primo presidente.
Biografia
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Pippard ha studiato al Clifton College nella città di Bristol[3] e al collegio Clare Hall a Cambridge, dove si è laureato come MA (Cantab) e PhD. Dopo aver lavorato come ufficiale scientifico nella ricerca radar durante la seconda guerra mondiale, è stato nominato come dimostratore in fisica presso l'Università di Cambridge nel 1946, divenendo successivamente Lecturer in materia nel 1950, Reader nel 1959, e il primo John Humphrey Plummer Professore di Fisica un anno dopo. In 1971 he was elected Cavendish Professor of Physics. [4]
Pippard demonstrated the reality, as opposed to the mere abstract concept, of Fermi surfaces in metals by establishing the shape of the Fermi surface of copper through measuring the reflection and absorption of microwave electromagnetic radiation[5] (see the anomalous skin effect[6]). He also introduced the notion of coherence length in superconductors in his proposal for the non-local generalisation of the London equations[7][8] concerning electrodynamics in superfluids and superconductors. The non-local kernel proposed by Pippard,[9][10][11] inferred on the basis of Chambers' non-local generalisation of Ohm's law) can be deduced within the framework of the BCS (Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer) theory of superconductivity[12] (a comprehensive description of the details of the London–Pippard theory can be found in the book by Fetter and Walecka[13]).
Pippard was the author of Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics,[14] Dynamics of Conduction Electrons,[15] and The Physics of Vibration.[16] He is also a co-author of the three-volumes encyclopaedia Twentieth Century Physics.[17] As the Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, he compiled Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics,[18] based in large part on past examination questions for Cambridge physics students.
Pippard was the doctoral supervisor of Brian David Josephson (awarded PhD in Physics in 1964) who in 1973 received the Nobel Prize in Physics (together with Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever) for his discovery of what is known as the Josephson effect.[19]
Note
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- ^ Nell'onomastica di questa lingua il cognome precede il nome. "Pippard" è il cognome.
- ^ (EN) M. S. Longair, J. R. Waldram, Sir Alfred Brian Pippard. 7 September 1920 -- 21 September 2008, in Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, vol. 55, 2009, pp. 201–220, DOI:10.1098/rsbm.2009.0014.
- ^ (EN) J.A.O Muirhead, Clifton College Register, 1862-1947, Clifton, Bristol, Old Cliftonian Society, Aprile 1948, pp. 578.
- ^ Template:Who's Who Template:Subscription required
- ^ An Experimental Determination of the Fermi Surface in Copper, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 250, n. 979, 1957, pp. 325–357, DOI:10.1098/rsta.1957.0023.
- ^ N. W. Ashcroft, and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics (Thompson Learning, Inc., London, 1976), Chapter 14, Measuring the Fermi Surface, p. 277, Anomalous Skin Effect. ISBN 0-03-083993-9. See Classical skin depth.
- ^ Electrodynamic Theory of Superconductors, London, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1991, ISBN 0-86341-257-2.
- ^ F. London, Superfluids, Vol. I: Macroscopic Theory of Superconductivity (Dover Publications, New York, 1961), p. 152.
- ^ Theory of the Current-Voltage Characteristics of SNS Junctions and other Superconducting Weak Links, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 268, n. 1188, 1970, pp. 265–287, DOI:10.1098/rsta.1970.0075.
- ^ Quantization of Coupled Orbits in Metals II. The Two-Dimensional Network, with Special Reference to the Properties of Zinc, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 256, n. 1072, 1964, pp. 317–355, DOI:10.1098/rsta.1964.0008.
- ^ Trapped Flux in Superconductors, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 248, n. 941, 1955, pp. 97–129, DOI:10.1098/rsta.1955.0011.
- ^ J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, Theory of Superconductivity, Phys. Rev., Vol. 108, No. 5, pp. 1175–1204 (1957). APS (Free Download)
- ^ A. L. Fetter, and J. D. Walecka, Quantum Theory of Many-Particle Systems (Dover Publications, New York, 2003), Chapter 13, Superconductivity, Section 49, London-Pippard Phenomenological Theory. ISBN 0-486-42827-3.
- ^ A. B. Pippard, Elements of Classical Thermodynamics for Advanced Students of Physics (Cambridge University Press, 1957). ISBN 0-521-09101-2.
- ^ A. B. Pippard, Dynamics of Conduction Electrons, Documents on Modern Physics (Gordon & Beach, 1965).
- ^ A. B. Pippard, The Physics of Vibration (Cambridge University Press, 2007). ISBN 0-521-03333-0.
- ^ Laurie M. Brown, Abraham Pais, and Brian Pippard, Twentieth Century Physics (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1995): Vol. I, 808 p., ISBN 0-7503-0353-0, Vol. II, 808 p., ISBN 0-7503-0354-9, Vol. III, 960 p., ISBN 0-7503-0355-7.
- ^ A. B. Pippard, Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics (Pamphlet) (Cambridge University Press, 1962). A. B. Pippard, Cavendish Problems in Classical Physics (Pamphlet), 64 p. (Cambridge University Press, 1971)
- ^ B. D. Josephson, Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling, Phys. Lett., Vol. 1, pp. 251–253 (1962).
Necrologia
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- Anthony Tucker, Sir Brian Pippard, The Guardian, Wednesday, 25 September 2008, [1].
- John Waldram, Professor Sir Brian Pippard (1920–2008), News and Events, University Offices, University of Cambridge, 24 September 2008, [2].
- Professor Sir Brian Pippard (1920–2008), Cambridge Network, 25 September 2008, [3] (Reproduced from University of Cambridge Office of Communications).
- John Waldram, Brian Pippard (1920–2008): Low-temperature physicist who excelled in subtle intuitive concepts, Nature 455, 1191 (30 October 2008), [4].
- Professor Sir Brian Pippard, Telegraph, 23 September 2008, [5].
- Professor Sir Brian Pippard: Cambridge physicist, The Times, 25 September 2008, [6].
- Richard Eden, Professor Sir Brian Pippard: Physicist who proved the existence of the Fermi surface and was the first President of Clare Hall, Cambridge, The Independent, Tuesday, 7 October 2008, [7].
- Hamish Johnston, Sir Brian Pippard: 1920–2008, PhysicsWorld, 24 September 2008, [8].
Collegamenti esterni
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- The Cavendish Professorship of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Department of Physics.
- The Brian Pippard Building, Cambridge
- Professor George Zarnecki, Lives remembered: Professor George Zarnecki and Professor Sir Brian Pippard, The Times, 27 September 2008, [9].
- Professor Ernst Sondheimer, Professor Sir Brian Pippard, The Independent, Friday, 10 October 2008, [10].
- Professor Sir Brian Pippard, President of CUMS, 7 September 1920 – 21 September 2008, Cambridge University Musical Society (CUMS) News, 25 September 2008, [11].
- Brian Pippard dies aged 88, Varsity, 2008, [12].
- Professor Pippard papers HF/LEEWW: 2000.611 2000, The National Archives, [13].
Contents: Typewritten manuscript by Professor Sir Brian Pippard entitled 'Reminiscences of Wartime Radar Research 1941–1945', together with three papers published in The Journal of The Institution of Electrical Engineers in 1946. - interviewed by Alan Macfarlane 31st March 2008 (video)
