La lista dei segni di Gardiner è un elenco di geroglifici compilato da sir Alan Gardiner ed è considerata un punto di riferimento standard nello studio dei geroglifici.
Gardiner ordinò i geroglifici in diverse categorie, elencando anche le diverse forme orizzontali o verticali, le variazioni di forma per facilitare la lettura di blocchi di testo.
Purtroppo non unificò gli indici cosicché un segno, una volta inserito nella lista, viene trascurato per quanto riguarda gli altri usi. Un esempio è G16, NbTi, l'ideogramma di Le due signore, le dee Wadjet, in forma di cobra, e Nekhbet, avvoltoio bianco. Queste sono le dee che proteggono l'Alto e il Basso Egitto e che vennero entrambe mostrate sull'ureo di Wadjet nel momento dell'unificazione dei due Regni e, da qui in poi, vennero considerate le protettrici di tutto l'Egitto e dei faraoni. Questo ideogramma è citato solo sulla lista degli uccelli, come G16, e tralasciato nella lista delle divinità e nell'elenco dei rettili.
La sezione A conta numerosi geroglifici con molte varianti, non tutti riprodotti, che rappresentano uomini in piedi, seduti, distesi e raffigurati nello svolgimento di diverse mansioni ed occupazioni.
A1 Uomo seduto: il segno ha valore di ideogramma e di determinativo indicante uomo, essere umano posto successivamente a un nome maschile come figlio o cortigiano.
A2 Uomo seduto che porta una mano alla bocca: è usato come determinativo per attività quali mangiare, bere, parlare, tacere, odiare, pensare, amare.
A3 Uomo seduto con un ginocchio a terra: determinativo di sedersi oppure stare seduto.
A4 Uomo seduto con le braccia alzate: determinativo di pregare, supplicare, mostrare rispetto.
A5 Uomo che si nasconde: determinativo di nascondere, nascondersi.
A6 Uomo seduto che versa acqua da una giara posta sulla testa: determinativo di puro, pulito.
A7 Uomo seduto con le braccia lungo i fianchi: determinativo di debolezza oppure stanchezza.
A8 Uomo con ginocchio a terra ed un braccio alzato nel gesto henu: determinativo di giubilo.
A9 Uomo seduto con la cesta in testa: determinativo di portare o lavorare.
A10 Uomo con un remo: determinativo di navigare.
A11 Uomo seduto con gli scettri in mano: determinativo di amico oppure amicizia.
A12 Guerriero con arco e freccia: determinativo per esercito oppure truppa.
A13 Uomo con le braccia legate: determinativo per prigioniero e simili.
A14 Uomo ferito alla testa con sangue che fuoriesce: determinativo di nemico o morto.
A15 Uomo che cade: determinativo di cadere o rovesciare. Può indicare anche il nemico.
A16 Uomo che si inchina:determinativo di chinarsi.
A17 Bambino seduto: determinativo per giovane, bambino, infanzia, giovinezza.
A18 Bambino seduto che indossa la Corona Rossa: determinativo per principe.
A19 Uomo che si appoggia su una canna: determinativo per anziano, primogenito, capo, appoggiarsi.
A20 Uomo che si appoggia ad una canna biforcuta: determinativo di vecchio o primogenito.
A21 Uomo con una verga: determinativo per cortigiano, funzionario.
A22 Statua di uomo con canna e scettro: determinativo per statua.
A23 Sovrano con canna e mazza: determinativo per re.
A24 Uomo che colpisce con una verga: determinativo per forza, lavoro, colpire, violenza, potere, insegnare.
A25 Uomo che usa un'arma con braccio sinistro dietro la schiena: determinativo per colpire, simile ad A24
A26 Uomo in piedi con braccio destro proteso: ideogramma e determinativo per chiamare, oppure invocare.
A27 Uomo che corre.
A28 Uomo in piedi con le braccia alzate: determinativo per gioia, sostegno, altezza.
A29 Uomo a testa in giù: determinativo di posizione a testa in giù.
A30 Uomo con le braccia alzate e le mani avanti: determinativo per offrire, pregare, supplicare.
A31 Uomo in piedi con le braccia tese dietro alzate dietro la testa: determinativo di allontanarsi, deviare.
A32 Uomo che danza: determinativo per danzare, gioia.
A33 Uomo con bastone e fagotto sulla spalla: determinativo per viandante, straniero, errare.
A34 Uomo che lavora al mortaio: determinativo di pestare
A35 Uomo che costruisce un muro: determinativo per costruire
A36 Uomo che filtra la birra: determinativo di filtrare la birra.
A37 Uomo in piedi in una giara.
A38 Uomo che stringe al collo due pantere.
A39 Uomo che stringe al collo due giraffe.
A40 Uomo barbuto seduto: determinativo di dio, re, divinità, regalità.
Il gruppo B è composto da 7 geroglifici che raffigurano donne sedute, compreso il segno che rappresenta il parto, che avveniva in posizione inginocchiata.
B1 Donna seduta:ideogramma e determinativo per donna, nome proprio femminile.
B2 Donna incinta: determinativo per gravidanza, concepire, essere incinta.
B3 Donna che partorisce: ideogramma o determinativo per partorire, nascita, parto.
B4 combinazione di B3 e F31
B5 Donna che allatta: determinativo di allattare, nutrice, prendersi cura di.
B6 Donna su una sedia con un infante sulle ginocchia: determinativo di nutrire, educare.
B7 Regina seduta con corona e un fiore: determinativo dei nomi di regine.
This group contains 54 hieroglyphics and is also one of the most extensive. It contains birds like the Sacred Ibis, the Egyptian Vulture, the bennu, a cormorant, waterfowl, the quail chick, and a others.
15 hieroglyphics including amphibian or reptiles are shown, as well as the Horned viper, the Cobra, the lizard, the frog, the tadpole, the turtle, the crocodile, and the crocodile skin.
Included in the 44 hieroglyphics of this comprehensive group are the Binse, the grass, the Papyrus, the Dattel, the Lotosblüte and the reed.
Beispiele
M1 sound sign for jAm (jmA - rarely) (jm - rarely) Determinative for tree, Sykomore (nht), Christ thorn (nbs)
M2 sound sign for js, j (with "I") sound sign for achn Determinative for flower (achrrt), plant
M3 sound sign for Determinative and Ideogram gauged for wood (gauged)
M4 sound sign for rnp. Ideogram for year (rnpt)
M5 sound sign for tr, tj, rj. Ideogram for (determined) time (tr)
M6 sound sign for tr, tj, rj. Ideogram for (determined) time (tr)
M7 sound sign for rnp into "young its" rnpj. Ideogram for young its (rnpj)
M8 sound sign for schA. Ideogram for Achet-season (Aicht)
M9 sound sign for nfr (rarely) Determinative and Ideogramm for Lotus (sschschn)
M10 Determinative for Lotusknospe (nachbt)
M11 Determinative and Ideogram for sacrifice (wdn)
M12 sound sign for ichA abbreviation for 1,000 (ichA). Lotus
M13 sound sign for wAdj, wdj. Ideogram for Papyrus (wAdj)
M14 sound sign for wAdj, wdj
M15 Determinative and Ideogram for lower Egypt (ta-mnachw), papyrus swamp (djyt), papyrus zone and water zone
M16 sound sign for achA Determinative and Ideogram for lower Egypt (ta-mnachw)
M17 sound sign for j, i. Ideogram for blooming reed tube (j), I (j). This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the sound “i”. In doubling of this sign, one receives the sound "j" (English: "Y").
M18 Ideogram for come (jj)
M19 Determinative and Ideogram for victim (aAbt)
M20 sound sign for sm. Ideogram for country (visibility), hall
M21 sound sign for sm Determinative and Ideogram for herb (sm), plant
M22 sound sign for nichb, also in "God Nechbat " (nichb)
M23 sound sign for sw Ideogram for Sut-Binse (swt), in (nsw) king graphic preceded
M24 sound sign for rs (w) only in words with primary meaning "south"
M25 sound sign for rs (w) only in words with primary meaning "south"
M26 sound sign for schma
M27 sound sign for schma. Ideogram for waiter Egypt (schma)
M28 abbreviation: Zehner of waiter Egypt (mdj-w schma) in the title (wr-mdj-w schma)
M29 sound sign for ndjm. Pointing sign for Johannisbrot
M30 Determinative and Ideogram for sweetly (bnr). Ideogram for Dattel.
M31 Determinative for grow (rd) grow (rd)
M32 Determinative for
M33 Determinative and Ideogram for barley (jt), grain, grains
M34 Determinative and Ideogram for Emmer (bdt) (btj)
M35 Determinative for pile (aachaw)
M36 sound sign for djr
M37 sound sign for djr
M38 Determinative for Flachs (macha), together bandage (dmA)
M39 Determinative for plant victim (rnpt)
M40 sound sign for js (jz). Ideogram for tube (jsw)
M41 Determinative for juniper (wan), foreign wood
M42 sound sign for wn abbreviation for eat (wnm)
M43 Determinative for wine (jrp), fig (dAd), fruit
M44 Determinative for thorn (srt), tip (spd), sharply
The 42 hieroglyphics that make up this group which does not stand unconditionally in the same context, include: Sun, star, moon, sky, earth, mountains, street, canal, slope, etc.
N1 sound sign for alas (j), hrw (rarely) (both also phon. Det.) Determinative and Ideogram for sky (pt) (achrt), God groove (nwt)
N2 Determinative and Ideogram for night (grach), darkness (kkw)
N3 Determinative and Ideogram for night (grach), darkness (kkw)
N4 Determinative and Ideogram for cable (jAdt), rain storm (schnyt), rain
N5 Determinative and Ideogram for sun (ra), actions of the sun: rise (wbn), day (hrw), hour (wnwt), time
N6 Determinative and Ideogram for sun (ra)
N7 For sunshine (Aichw), seem (psdj) abbreviation for suns people (achnmmmt)
N9 sound sign for psdj. Ideogram for new moon festival (psdjntjw) abbreviation for psdj in Gods novelty (psdjt)
N10 sound sign for psdj. Ideogram for new moon festival (psdjntjw) abbreviation for psdj in Gods novelty (psdjt)
N11 sound sign for aach in earth coat (waach). Ideogram: Moon (jaach) abbreviation / Determinative for month (Abd), hand width (schsp)
N12 Determinative for moon (jaach)
N13 Ideogram for half month firm (15. day) (*smdt)
N14 sound sign for sbA, dwA Determinative and Ideogram for star (dbA), Sothis (spdt), Sernbild, Sirius abbreviation: - Hour (wnwt), priest shaft
N15 Ideogram for underworld (dwAt) (dAt)
N16 sound sign for tA Determinative and Ideogram for country (tA), earth, in "eternity" (djt)
N17 sound sign for tA Determinative and Ideogram for country (tA), earth, eternity (djt)
N18 Determinative and Ideogram for island (jw), horizon (Aicht), deserts country
N19 abbreviation for Harachte (alas-Aichtj)
N20 sound sign for wdjb Determinative for sand bank (wdjb)
N21 Determinative (wdjb), country, field (visibility)
N23 Determinative for country (tA), irrigated country
N24 Determinative and Ideogram for Gau (spAt), Thinis-Gau (tA-wr), garden (achsp)
N25 Determinative and Ideogram for strange country (I branch), deserts country, desert (smyt), country Retjenu (rtjnw)
N26 sound sign for djw. Ideogram for mountain (djw)
N27 Ideogram for horizon (Aicht)
N28 sound sign for icha. Ideogram for hill of the sunrise (icha), crown
N29 sound sign for q Determinative and Ideogram for hill (qAA). This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the emphatic “k” (circumscribed with "q").
N30 Determinative and Ideogram for mound (wEEDED)
N31 Determinative and Ideogram for way (wADE) (mtjn), phon. Det. : alas, wA, ascend (jar), travel, army (mscha), here (aA), position abbreviation: God Horus
N32 sound sign for sjn (in "runner" sjnw)
N33 Determinative for sand (schaj), mineral, Metalkorn, gold (nbw), black eye make-up (msdmt), medicine (pachrt) pellet (tjA), Weihrauchk., enemy (ichftj), dangerous
N33a Determinative for plural (in place of the plural strokes)
N34 Determinative and Ideogram for *copper (*achmtj), brass, object out of copper or bronze, mirror out of Metal (anich)
N35 sound sign for n. water line. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the consonant “n”.
N35a sound sign for mW Determinative and Ideogram for water (mW), wave (wAw), "river" and "lake" with "N-36, Handl. Drink (swr) water:, wash (jaj)
N36 sound sign for mr sound sign for mr, mJ Determinative and Ideogram for canal (mr), dear (mr), river, lake, Nile (achapj)
N37 sound sign for sch. Ideogram for pond (sch), lake, basin.
N38 sound sign for sch. Ideogram for pond (sch)
N39 sound sign for sch. Ideogram for pond (sch), water basin, garden basin. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the sound “sch” (like in the German word "beautifully").
N40 abbreviation for go (schm)
N41 sound sign for achm, phon. Det. : bjA Determinative for well (achnmt), pond, march, Vagina, cow (jdt)
N42 sound sign for achm, phon. Det. : bjA Determinative for well (achnmt), pond, march, Vagina, cow (jdt)
Group O is quite extensive having 51 hieroglyphics. This group includes signs of buildings and construction of buildings including: Houses, bars,
walls, stairways, etc.
O1 sound sign for pr Determinative and Ideogram for house (pr), building, place, place (st), Sanktuar (jwnn), horizon (Aicht). Since the mediator empire also replacement for "p"
O2 abbreviation for treasure house (pr-achdj)
O3 abbreviation for dead victim (prt-ichw)
O4 sound sign for h. Ideogram for farmyard (h), was subordinate. The Ideogram for house shows reaches a primitive protection cottage out of reed tube from above, that one over a L-förmigen gear. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the consonant “h”.
O5 sound sign for mr, nm Determinative for street (mrrt)
O6 Ideogram for (large) building (achwt) abbreviation for eight in "quarry" (respects)
O7 Ideogram for (large) building (achwt) abbreviation for eight in "quarry" (respects)
O8 abbreviation for large building (achwt-aAt)
O9 abbreviation for God Nephthys (nbt-achwt)
O10 abbreviation for God Hathor (achwt-alas)
O11 Ideogram for palace (aach)
O12 Ideogram for palace (aach)
O13 Determinative for gate way
O15 Ideogram for wide hall (wsicht)
O16 Determinative and Ideogram for curtain (tAyt)
O17 Determinative and Ideogram for curtain (tAyt)
O18 Determinative and Ideogram for chapel (kAr)
O19 Determinative for waiter Egyptian national sanctuary (pr-wr), chapels row (jtrt)
O20 Determinative for unterägyptisches national sanctuary (pr-nr), chapels row (jtrt), Sanktuar
O21 Determinative and Ideogramm for special in special-ntjr
O22 sound sign for achAb sound sign for achAb Determinative and Ideogramm for (Achb-sd), Sed festival
O24 Determinative for pyramid (mr), Memphis (mn-nfr)
O25 Determinative and Ideogram for obelisk (tichn)
O26 Determinative and Ideogram for Stele (wdj) (aachaw)
O27 sound sign for ichA Determinative for office (ichA), pillar hall
O28 sound sign for jwn. Ideogram for pillar (jwn)
O29 sound sign for aA. Ideogram for column (aA), largely
O30 Determinative and Ideogram for support (sichnt)
O31 sound sign for aA Determinative and Ideogram for door (aA), open (wn)
O32 Determinative for gate way, door, gate (sbA) abbreviation for gate (sbA)
O33 Determinative for Serech (srich) (in the Horusnamen)
O34 sound sign for s. Ideogram for door bar (s). This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the stimmhaften “s” (like in the German name "Susi"). Demolish (whn) (sachnn)
O35 sound sign for s (in words the movement imply) abbreviation for self-service
O36 Determinative and Ideogram for wall (jnb), envelopment wall (sbtj)
O37 Determinative for, throw down, sloping its (gsA)
O38 Determinativefor corner (qnbt), gate way (erred) abbreviation for tm in "title" achrj n tm
O39 Determinative for stone (jnr)
O40 Determinative for stairway (rwd)
O41 Determinative for stairway (rwd), ascend (jar)
O42 for schsp, sschp
O44 Determinative and Ideogram for occupation (wEEDED)
O45 Determinative and Ideogram for harem (jpAt)
O46 Determinative and Ideogram for harem (jpAt)
O47 Ideogram for city Hierakonpolis (nichn)
O48 Ideogram for city Hierakonpolis (nichn)
O49 Determinative and Ideogram for city (njwt), village, Theben (wAst), inhabited region, Egypt (kmt)
O50 sound sign for sp (zp) Determinative for tennis (spt)
The meaning of the crowns is self-evident through the 45 hieroglyphics found in this group.
S1 Determinative and Ideogram for white crown of Upper Egypt (achdj<(u>t), white crown (schmsd) crown of Upper Egypt
S2 Determinative and Ideogram for white crown of Upper Egypt (achdjt), white crown (wrrt) crown of Upper Egypt
S3 sound sign for n Determinative and Ideogram for red crown of lower Egypt (dschrt), red crown (replaces (bjt) in the title sdjAwtj-bjtj
S4 sound sign for n (rarely) Determinative for red crown, Net-crown (nt)
S5 Determinative for double crown of Upper Egypt and lower Egypt Crown, large crown (wrrt)
S7 Determinative and Ideogram for blue crown (ichprsch)
S8 Determinative and Ideogram for Atef-crown (Atf)
S9 Determinative and Ideogram for double feather (schwtj)
S10 Determinative and Ideogram for wAachw abbreviation for carpenter (mdjach)
S11 sound sign for wsich Determinative and Ideogram for neck collar (wsich)
S12 Determinative and Ideogram for gold (nbw), white gold (djam), silver (achdj), valuable metal *S13 abbreviation for gild (nbj)
S14 abbreviation for white gold (djam)
S15 Determinative and Ideogram for Fayence (tjachnt)
S16 Determinative and Ideogram for Fayence (tjachnt)
S17 Determinative and Ideogram for Fayence (tjachnt)
S18 Determinative and Ideogram for Menit-Halskette (mnjt)
S19 Ideogram for Siegler (*sdjAwtj), (*ichtmj), (*ichtmw)
S20 Determinative and Ideogramm for seal (ichtm), seal ring (djbat)
S21 Determinative for ring (jwaw)
S22 sound sign for stj, st (rarely) Determinative and Ideogram for starboard (tA-wr)
S23 Determinative and Ideogram (dmd)
S24 sound sign for tjs, tjz Determinative for knot (tjst)
S25 Determinative for Schurz (schndjwt)
S26 Determinative for Schurz (schndjwt)
S27 Determinative and Ideogram for clothing (mnicht)
S28 Determinative for clothing (achbs)
S29 sound sign for s. Ideogram for it abbreviation: - Health (snb). The folded cloth is used an on consonant sign in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the voiceless “s” (like in the German word "kiss").
S30 sound sign for sf
S31 sound sign for smA
S32 sound sign for sjA Determinative and Ideogram for material with fringes (sjAt)
S33 sound sign for tjb, tb Determinative and Ideogram for sandal (tjbt)
S34 sound sign for anch. Ideogram for sandal strap (anich) abbreviation for life (anich)
S35 Ideogram and Determinative for shadow (schwt), military standard (sryt) (also Det.)
S36 Ideogram and Determinative for shadow (schwt), God Hepui (achpwj), military standard (sryt) (also Det.)
S37 Ideogram and Determinative for frond (ichw)
S38 sound sign for achqA. Ideogram and Determinative for Heqat-scepter (achqAt), ruler (achqA)
S39 sound sign for awt
S40 sound sign for wHAT, djam. Sound sign for wHAT, wOVE (unclearly). Ideogram and Determinative for what-scepter (wHAT) abbreviation for good fortune (wHAT)
S41 sound sign for djam
S42 sound sign for abA (also phon. Det.), sichm. Ideogram and Determinative for Oba-scepter (abA), control (ichrp)
S43 sound sign for md (w). Ideogram for walking stick (mdw)
S44 Ideogram and Determinative for Ames-scepter (Ams)
S45 Ideogram and Determinative for scourge (nichAichA)
V1 sound sign for schn Determinative for cord (nwach), bind (tjs) abbreviation for 100 (scht)
V2 sound sign for stjA sound sign for ace
V3 sound sign for stjAw
V4 sound sign for wA
V5 Determinative for plan (sntj)
V6 sound sign for schs, schsr, sschr, g (only in the hieratischen) Determinative and Ideogram for cord (schs),, clothing (achbs)
V7 sound sign for schn
V8 sound sign for schn
V9 Determinative for cartridge (schnw)
V10 Determinative for cartridge (schnw), name, king name (the name
V12 sound sign for arq. Solve (fich) sound sign for arq, fich Determinative for, bind, papyrus roll (schfdw), papyrus book
V13 sound sign for tj (later also falsely as a "t" uses). Cattle cord, foot fetter. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the sound “tsch”.
V14 sound sign for tj (becomes used around to indicate, that this sound "t" become is)
V15 abbreviation for do not seize (jtjj) sOWED (zA)
V16 sound sign for. Ideogram for knot amulet (sOWED)
V17 Ideogram for protection (sOWED)
V18 Ideogram for protection (sOWED)
V19 sound sign for tjmA, tmA Determinative and Ideogram for cattle hurdle (mdjt),, mat (tmA), sack (achAr)
V20 sound sign for mdj abbreviation for 10 (mdj)
V21 sound sign for mdj
V22 sound sign for make make
V23 sound sign for
V24 sound sign for wdj, wd
V25 sound sign for wdj, wd
V26 sound sign For adj, ad, andj Determinative for spool (adj)
V28 sound sign for alas. More turned composed. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the consonant “h” (an emphatic sound, how it typically is for the Arabic language).
V29 sound sign for sk, wAach. Phonetic Determinative: wAach Determinative for ichsr
V30 sound sign for nb. Ideogram for basket (nbt), each (nr), everyone, gentleman
V31 sound sign for k. Ideogram for you (to the man said). Körbchen with handle. This on consonant sign is used in the so named Hieroglyphen-ABC to the reproduction of the consonant “k”.
V32 sound sign for msn. Phonetic Determinative: gAw Determinative for harpooned (msnw), duties (gAwt)
V33 sound sign for sschr, g (rarely), schs Determinative and Ideogram for lines (sschr), pack up (arf), bind (jdr), lines bag
V34 sound sign for sschr, g (rarely), schs Determinative and Ideogram for lines (sschr), pack up (arf), bind (jdr), lines bag
V35 sound sign for sschr, g (rarely), schs Determinative and Ideogram for lines (sschr), pack up. Ideogram for a container (achn)
V37 sound sign for jdr (also phonetic Det.) Determinative for bind (jdr) *V38 Determinative for bandage (wt), mummy cloth *V39 Ideogram for Tit-amulet (tjt)
Budge, Sir E.A.Wallis.An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary, in Two Volumes, Sir E.A.Wallis Budge, (Dover Publications, Inc. New York), c 1920, Dover Edition, c 1978. (Large categorized listings of Hieroglyphs, Vol 1, pp. xcvii-cxlvii (97-147) (25 categories, 1000+ hieroglyphs), 50 pgs.)
Wilkinson, Richard. Reading Egyptian Art, A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture, Richard H. Wilkinson, with 450 Illustrations, (Thames & Hudson Ltd, London), c 1992.