Arco delle Izu-Bonin-Marianne: differenze tra le versioni

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I sistemi idrotermali attivi trovati nella parte sommersa dei margini convergenti intra-oceanici permettono di studiare come si sono formati alcuni importanti depositi di minerali.
I sistemi idrotermali attivi trovati nella parte sommersa dei margini convergenti intra-oceanici permettono di studiare come si sono formati alcuni importanti depositi di minerali.

==Bibliografia==
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* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0735:PMATPS>2.0.CO;2 |last=Bartolini |first=A. |last2=Larson |first2=R.L. |ref=CITEREFBartoliniLarson2001 |year=2001 |title=Pacific microplate and the Pangea supercontinent in the Early to Middle Jurassic |journal=Geology |volume=29 |pages=735–738 |issn=0091-7613 |issue=8 |bibcode = 2001Geo....29..735B |title-link=Pangea }}
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* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1029/JB074i025p05923 |last1=Katsumata |first1=Mamoru |first2=L.R. |last2=Sykes |year=1969 |ref=CITEREFKatsumataSykes1969 |title=Seismicity and tectonics of the western Pacific: Izu-Mariana-Caroline and Ryukyu-Taiwan regions |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=74 |pages=5923–5948 |issue=25 |bibcode=1969JGR....74.5923K}}
* {{Cite journal |first=Takashi |last=Iidaka |first2=Yoshitsugu |last2=Furukawa |ref=CITEREFIidakaFurukawa1994 |title=Double Seismic Zone for Deep Earthquakes in the Izu-Bonin Subduction Zone |journal=Science |date=25 February 1994 |volume=263 |pmid=17831624 |issue=5150 |pages=1116–1118 |doi=10.1126/science.263.5150.1116 |bibcode = 1994Sci...263.1116I }}
* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1029/GL017i008p01101 |last1=McNutt |first1=M. K. |last2=Winterer |first2=E.L. |last3=Sager |first3=W.W. |author3-link=William Sager|last4=Natland |first4=J.H. |last5=Ito |first5=G. |ref=CITEREFMcNuttWintererSagerNatland1990 |year=1990 |title=The Darwin Rise: Cretaceous Superswell? |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=17 |pages=1101–1108 |issue=8 |bibcode=1990GeoRL..17.1101M}}
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* {{Cite book |last=Nakamura |first=T |last2=Nakano |first2=I |last3=Fujimori |first3=H |last4=Yuan |first4=G |ref=CITEREFNakamuraNakanoFujimoriYuan1998 |chapter=A real-time observation for 3-D structure of ocean phenomena by a 200 Hz ocean acoustic tomography system |title=17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering; Lisbon; Portugal; held in 5–9 July 1998 |pages=8 |year=1998 }}
* {{Cite book |year=1993 |chapter=Expression of Five Fracture Zones in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean |editor1-first=M.S. |editor1-last=Prigle |editor2-first=W.W. |editor2-last=Sager |editor2-link=William Sager|editor3-first=W.V. |editor3-last=Sliter |editor4-first=S. |display-editors = 3 |editor4-last=Stein |title=The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, Tectonics, and Volcanism |series=Geophysical Monograph |volume=77 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |pages=121–136 |last1=Nakanishi |first1=M. |ref=CITEREFNakanishi1993 |isbn=978-0-87590-036-0 }}
* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00126.x |last1=Nakanishi |first1=Masao |last2=Tamaki |first2=K. |last3=Kobayashi |first3=K. |ref=CITEREFNakanishiTamakiKobayashi1992 |year=1992 |title=Magnetic anomaly lineations from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in the west-central Pacific Ocean |journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]] |volume=109 |pages=701–719 |issue=3 |bibcode = 1992GeoJI.109..701N }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Oakley |first=A.J. |last2=Taylor |first2=B. |last3=Moore |first3=G.F. |ref=CITEREFOakleyTaylorMoore2008 |year=2008 |title=Pacific Plate subduction beneath the central Mariana and Izu-Bonin fore-arcs: New insights from an old margin |journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=n/a |doi=10.1029/2007gc001820 |bibcode=2008GGG.....9.6003O}}
* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0299:ATLPOD>2.0.CO;2 |last=Peacock |first=S. M. |ref=CITEREFPeacock2001 |title=Are the lower planes of double seismic zones caused by serpentine dehydration in subduction oceanic mantle? |journal=Geology |volume=29 |pages=299–302 |year=2001 |url=http://www.uoregon.edu/~pstewar1/SubductionSeminar_files/Peacock_2001(Geology).pdf |issn=0091-7613 |issue=4 |bibcode = 2001Geo....29..299P }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Plank |first1=T. |last2=Kelley |first2=K. A. |last3=Murray |first3=R.W. |last4=Stern |first4=L. Q. |ref=CITEREFPlankKelleyMurrayStern2007 |date=3 April 2007 |title=Chemical composition of sediments subducting at the Izu-Bonin Trench |journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |volume=8 |issue=4 |url=http://128.197.153.21/tplank/Plank_07_Izu.pdf |doi=10.1029/2006GC001444 |issn=1525-2027 |pages=Q04I16 |bibcode=2007GGG.....804I16P |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110703033658/http://128.197.153.21/tplank/Plank_07_Izu.pdf |archivedate=3 July 2011 |df= }}
* {{Cite book |year=1992 |chapter=Radiometric ages of basaltic basement recovered at sites 800, 801, and 802, Leg 129, Western Pacific Ocean |editor=R. L. Larson |editor2=Y. Lancelot |display-editors=etal |title=Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Project, Scientific Results, College Station |pages=363–372 |last=Pringle |first=M.S. |ref=CITEREFPringle1992 }}
* {{Cite journal |doi=10.1029/JB086iB08p07013 |last1=Samowitz |first1=I. |first2=D. |last2=Forsyth |ref=CITEREFSamowitzForsyth1981 |year=1981 |title=Double Seismic Zone Beneath the Mariana Island Arc |journal=J. Geophys. Res. |volume=86 |issue=B8 |pages=7013–7021 |bibcode=1981JGR....86.7013S}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Scholz |first1=C.H. |last2=Campos |first2=J. |ref=CITEREFScholzCampos1995 |year=1995 |title=On the mechanism of seismic decoupling and back arc spreading at subduction zones |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |volume=100 |issue=B11 |pages=22,103–22,115 |doi=10.1029/95jb01869 |bibcode=1995JGR...10022103S}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Seno |first1=T. |first2=S. |last2=Stein |first3=A.E. |last3=Gripp |ref=CITEREFSenoSteinGripp1993 |year=1993 |title=A model for the motion of the Philippine Sea Plate consistent with NUVEL-1 and geological data |journal=J. Geophys. Res. |volume=98 |issue=B10 |pages=17,941–17,948 |url=http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/seth/Texts/phil.pdf |bibcode = 1993JGR....98...17W |doi=10.1029/93jb00782}}
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* {{Cite book |year=2003 |chapter=An Overview of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Subduction Factory |editor=J. Eiler |editor2=M. Hirschmann |title=Inside the Subduction Factory |series=Geophysical Monograph |volume=138 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |pages=175–222 |last1=Stern |first1=R.J. |last2=Fouch |first2=M.J. |last3=Klemperer |first3=S. |ref=CITEREFSternFouchKlemperer2003 |isbn=978-0-87590-997-4 |chapter-url=http://www.nsf-margins.org/SF/I-B-M/IBM2002/Stern_et_al.pdf}}
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{{Portale|geologia|geografia|scienze della Terra}}
{{Portale|geologia|geografia|scienze della Terra}}

Versione delle 22:04, 14 ago 2019

L'arco delle Izu–Bonin–Marianne nell'Oceano Pacifico occidentale.

L' arco delle Izu–Bonin–Marianne (nella letteratura scientifica inglese abbreviato in IBM, acronimo di Izu–Bonin–Mariana) è un un arco insulare risultante da un margine convergente di placche tettoniche.

Caratteristiche

L'arco si estende per oltre 2.800 km a sud di Tokyo, in Giappone, passa oltre l'isola di Guam e comprende le Isole Izu, le Isole Ogasawara o Bonin, e le Isole Marianne; la maggior parte dell'arco è sommersa in quanto si trova al di sotto del livello del mare.

L'arco delle Izu–Bonin–Marianne è posizionato lungo il margine orientale della placca delle Filippine nell'Oceano Pacifico occidentale. All'interno dell'arco si trova l'abisso Challenger, il punto più profondo della superficie terrestre, situato nella fossa delle Marianne.

Origine

L'arco delle IBM si è formato in seguito alla subduzione della placca pacifica occidentale e subduce litosfera risalente al Giurassico medio e al Cretacico inferiore; a nord è presente litosfera più giovane, mentre a sud si trova quella più antica, inclusa la più vecchia crosta oceanica risalente a ~170 milioni di anni fa. La velocità di subduzione va da ~2 cm all'anno al sud, a 6 cm all'anno a nord.

Si ritiene che le isole vulcaniche che costituiscono questo arco si siano formate in seguito al rilascio di composti volatili (vapore proveniente da acqua intrappolata e altri gas) rilasciati dalla placca subdotta, quando essa ha raggiunto una profondità tale che l'aumentata temperatura ha provocato il rilascio dei materiali. Le fosse oceaniche associate si formano in quanto la parte più antica (quella occidentale) della crosta della placca pacifica aumenta di densità con l'età; in seguito a questo processo, la crosta raggiunge a un certo punto una densità tale da sprofondare al di sotto della crosta più a ovest.

L'arco delle Izu–Bonin–Marianne è un eccellente esempio di margine convergente intra-oceanico. Questa tipologia di archi è costruita su crosta oceanica e si differenzia notevolmente dagli archi costruiti su crosta continentale, come il Giappone e le Ande. Dal momento che la crosta dei margini intra-oceanici è più sottile, densa e reattiva di quella al di sotto dei margini di tipo andino, lo studio dei prodotti di fusione e dei fluidi intra-oceanici consente una migliore valutazione dei processi e dei flussi mantello-crosta. Questi archi sono lontani dai continenti e di conseguenza non sono influenzati dai grandi volumi di prodotti apportati dai sedimenti di origine glaciale. La sottile copertura sedimentaria rende più agevole lo studio delle infrastrutture dell'arco nonché la determinazione della massa e della composizione dei sedimenti subdotti.

I sistemi idrotermali attivi trovati nella parte sommersa dei margini convergenti intra-oceanici permettono di studiare come si sono formati alcuni importanti depositi di minerali.

Bibliografia

  Portale Geografia
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