Utente:Esculapio/Sandbox/Fauna di Capo Verde
en:Wildlife of Cape Verde#Fauna
Mammiferi[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Mammals of Cabo Verde include the feral goats found on Fogo, the descendants of domestic goats that were introduced by the Portuguese. The islands’ rodent population probably originated with rodents carried on early ships. Monkeys, introduced from the African continent, are also present on the islands. The long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus is the only indigenous mammal.[1]
Marine species reported are bridled dolphin, Atlantic spotted dolphin, long-beaked common dolphin, blue whale, humpback whale, Blainville's beaked whale, common porpoise
Eighteen species of whales and dolphins have been recorded in the waters of the Cape Verde archipelago.[2] The area is cited as one of two known breeding grounds for the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) of the Northern Hemisphere.[3] Humpback whales migrate annually from the North Sea to winter around Cape Verde from January to mid-May. The humpback whale population became limited due to severe overfishing during the 19th century and, although the total North Atlantic population of humpbacks had rebounded to more than 10,000 individuals by 1993, the Cape Verde population remained uncertain as of 2009.[3]
Uccelli[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Le isole costituiscono un sito di nidificazione per uccelli marini come il petrello di Capo Verde (Pterodroma feae), la fregata magnifica (Fregata magnificens) e il fetonte codarossa (Phaethon rubricauda). Inoltre l'ecoregione ospita quattro specie endemiche di uccelli: il passero di Capo Verde (Passer iagoensis), il rondone di Alexander (Apus alexandri), l'allodola di Raso (Alauda razae), in pericolo critico di estinzione, presente unicamente sull'isola omonima, e la cannaiola di Capo Verde (Acrocephalus brevipennis), minacciata, presente solamente sull'isola di Santiago.[4][5]
The endemic and endangered Ardea purpurea bournei is sometimes considered a full species.[6]
Rettili[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Su venticinque specie di lucertole presenti nell'arcipelago, ventiquattro sono endemiche[7]: tra esse figurano le sette specie di scinchi del genere Chioninia, tra cui l'estinto scinco gigante di Capo Verde (Chioninia coctei), che era presente solamente sull'isola di Raso, e varie specie di gechi, quattro del genere Hemidactylus e tredici del genere Tarentola, tra le quali spicca la tarantola gigante (Tarentola gigas), presente a Raso e a Branco.
Non sono presenti serpenti, mentre è presente una testuggine: Pelusios adansonii.
Turtles migrate across the Atlantico to breed from May to October. The most prominent species is the endangered loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). Other species of turtle are the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) which is critically endangered; the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), endangered. [7][8]
Invertebrati[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Cape Verde has a reported 58 endemic species of Aracnidi, including Wesolowskana lymphatica (jumping spider), and Hottentotta caboverdensis, a parthenogenetic scorpione.[9] It has a reported 15 endemic genera and 369 endemic species of insects.[9] Of note are Ceylalictus capverdensis (bee), Thyreus denolii (cuckoo bee), Thyreus batelkai (cuckoo bee), Thyreus schwarzi (cuckoo bee), Thyreus aistleitneri (cuckoo bee), Chiasmognathus batelkai (cuckoo bee), Monomorium boltoni (ant), Scopula paneliusi (geometrid moth) and Serranegra petrophila, a true bug in the family Lygaeidae[10] There also are endemic marine species, including molluscs such as Favartia burnayi, Nassarius caboverdensis, Prunum sauliae, the cone shell Conus josephinae and the Cape Verde spiny lobster, Palinurus charlestoni[9]
Marine life[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
The tropical marine environment of the Cape Verde islands of Boavista, Sal and Maio is reported to have a high diversity of sea life.[5] Coral reefs are also found extensively in Cape Verde, considered as one of the “world’s ten most important coral reefs”.[5]
Also in the waters are molluscs including gastropods such as sea snails, cone snail (the most gastropod species in the archipelago), sea snail and nudibranchs as well as isopods and woodlice and others which has hundreds of different species, several of them are endemic to archipelago, several of these are founded in deep waters as well as the northeast and the east into the Cape Verde Rise and its surrounding seamounts and some southwest into the Cape Verde Basin. Some of them are also founded in other parts of the Atlantic and the Indian oceans. Several of the molluscs were founded in the 20th century and after. There are also different species of coral and sponges in the waters of the archipelago, one of them is Balanopsammia wirtzi, another is Ascandra atlantica.
In the 1990s, more gastropods as well as cone snails were described especially in the east of the archipelago and more new species, they were described in 2000[11] and later in 2004,[12] some of them during the CANCAP and Atlântico Selvagem expeditions. Another expedition discovered more gastropods including cone snails and several new species were discovered, they were described in 2014.
Note[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
- ^ Cape Verde:Plant and animal life, su britannica.com, Encyclopædia Britannica. URL consultato il 3 April 2011.
- ^ Cornelis J. Hazevoet, Recent data on whales and dolphins (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Cape Verde Islands, including records of four taxa new to the ar chipelago (PDF), in Zoologia Caboverdiana, vol. 1, n. 2, 2010, pp. 75–99.
- ^ a b Cornelius J. Hazevoet, Seasonality of humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781) records in Cape Verde seas: eviden ce for the occurrence of stocks from both hemispheres? (PDF), in Zoologia Caboverdiana, vol. 1, n. 2, 2011, pp. 25–29.
- ^ (EN) Cape Verde Islands dry forests, in Terrestrial Ecoregions, World Wildlife Fund. URL consultato il 10 gennaio 2016.
- ^ a b c Cape Verde Islands, Bradt Travel Guides, 25 March 2009, pp. 38–41, ISBN 978-1-84162-276-7. URL consultato il 3 April 2011.
- ^ Cape Verde Islands, su birdlife.org, Birdlife International. URL consultato il 3 April 2011.
- ^ a b (EN) Cape Verde Reptiles, su The Reptile Database. URL consultato l'11 ottobre 2018.
- ^ Animals in Cape Verde, su listofcountriesoftheworld.com. URL consultato il 3 April 2011.
- ^ a b c Cape Verde, su lntreasures.com, Living National Treasures. URL consultato il 3 April 2011.
- ^ Slater, James Alexander, A Catalogue of the Lygaeidae of the World, su geocities.ws, 1964. URL consultato il 26 agosto 2017.
- ^ Rolán E. & Luque Á.A. 2000. The subfamily Rissoininae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Rissoidae) in the Cape Verde Archipelago (West África). Iberus 18(1): 21-94
- ^ Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda