Discussione:Paleodieta

Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Vai alla navigazione Vai alla ricerca

per qualche motivo dopo aver letto "punti di forza" e "critiche" la voce sembra vagamente NNPOV :D mi spiego:

   punti di forza  blablablabla
                   blablablabla
                   blablablabla
   critiche        blablabla (ma non è vero)
                   blablabla (ma in realtà non è così) 
                   blablabla (ma è una critica infondata)


--Tin6789 22:18, 1 feb 2007 (CET)[rispondi]

confermo la critica precedente[modifica wikitesto]

non si possono mettere le critiche e per sfatarle una per una.. inoltre la frutta e la verdura non sono affatto alcalinizzanti, semmai il contrario.. numerosi frutti e verderure possiedono infatti un pH piuttosto acido (per non parlare del pH di pompelmi, limoni, pomodori, arance, ananas ecc ecc che è DECISAMENTE basso!!)

Mi sembra un articolo fortemente parziale...

Idem. Troppo parziale. Nicola 3/9/2010

Sono abbastanza d'accordo sul fatto che la voce sembri abbastanza NPOV. Faccio pero' notare che gli agrumi e la frutta acida in generale, e moltissimi altri alimenti dotati di ph basso (quindi acido), uno su tutti, il limone, una volta nell'organismo contribuiscono a creare un ambiente fortemente basico. Una brevissima lista di cibi acidi alcalogeni: agrumi (tutti!), yogurt (soprattutto se magro), frutti acidi (ma solo se assunti senza altri carboidrati complessi, in quel caso diventano acidogeni), etc. Quindi ben venga una revisione piu' imparziale della voce, ma che sia fatta citando fonti documentate, e non ragionamenti come "cibo acido == acidita' di stomaco!". 151.49.82.212 (msg) 20:30, 28 dic 2010 (CET)[rispondi]

Confermo al 100% la critica[modifica wikitesto]

Il solo fatto che si faccia riferimento ad alimenti "alcalinizzanti" è un buon motivo per la modifica immediata della voce. Le critiche risalgono al 2010: cosa si aspetta? Sono perfettamente d'accordo con il fatto che la voce risulta fortemente non-neutrale, e che sia addirittura veicolo di Falsità. Non esistono alimenti alcalinizzanti, e vorrei avere le fonti che attestano che il succo di limone aiuti a creare "un ambiente fortemente basico"!!!! Dove? in che distretto dell'organismo? quali sono le fonti scientifiche di tale affermazione? Il nostro organismo è composto di vari distretti (e.g. sangue, matrice extra cellulare, cellule, a loro volta suddivise in vari compartimenti) ognuno dei quali in grado di funzionare in range ben definiti di pH. Esistono infatti dei meccanismi molto efficienti che regolano il pH (per esempio nel sangue) ed impediscono che possa cambiare. Si veda ad esempio https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosi e https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcalosi --Sherpaman (msg) 12:53, 10 giu 2014 (CEST)[rispondi]

ri-confermo la critica[modifica wikitesto]

la voce è presentata quasi come se fosse l'ortodossia. Così non va, vanno fatte citazioni da riviste scientifiche, magari alcune a favore (sempre che ce ne siano, oltre ai libri scritti dai 'sostenitori') e altre contro. Insomma, così com'è non credo che faccia un grande servizio alla verità della situazione.
ciao

--Deltasun 10:27, 6 feb 2011 (CET)[rispondi]

Trascrizione di materiale bibliografico disorganizzato[modifica wikitesto]

Ho trasferito qui, nella discussione, una sezione della pagina che sembra essere la bibliografia di una Review. È più lunga dell'intera pagina 'Paleodieta' e non credo costituisca un'aggiunta significativa. A me sembra messa lì apposta per impressionare il lettore con un lunghissimo elenco di pubblicazioni descritte come "in supporto della paleodieta". Possono essere anche utili ma vanno citate nei punti rilevanti dell'articolo, non semplicemente rovesciate in testa a chi legge sulla base della pura autorità degli autori (che io comunque non conosco).

Pubblicazioni scientifiche a supporto[modifica wikitesto]

Nella Review pubblicata da Pedro Carrera-Bastos, Maelan Fontes-Villalba, James H O’Keefe, Staffan Lindeberg e Loren Cordain "The western diet and lifestyle and diseases of civilization" su "Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology", gli autori propongono la seguente lista di pubblicazioni scientifiche a supporto della paleodieta:

  • 1. Eaton SB, Konner M. Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications. N Engl J Med. 1985;312(5):283–289.
  • 2. Shatin R. The transition from food-gathering to food production in evolution and disease. Vitalstoffe Zivilisationskrankheiten. 1967;12: 104–107.
  • 3. Abrams HL. The relevance of Paleolithic diet in determining contemporary nutritional needs. J Appl Nutr. 1979;31:43–59.
  • 4. Nesse RM, Williams GC. Why we Get Sick. The New Science of Darwinian Medicine. New York: Times Books; 1994.
  • 5. Broadhurst CL. Balanced intakes of natural triglycerides for optimum nutrition: an evolutionary and phytochemical perspective. Med

Hypotheses. 1997;49(3):247–261.

  • 6. Mann N. Dietary lean red meat and human evolution. Eur J Nutr. 2000; 39(2):71–79.
  • 7. Boaz N. Evolving Health: The Origins of Illness and How the Modern World is Making us Sick. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2002.
  • 8. Chakravarthy MV, Booth FW. Eating, exercise, and “thrifty” genotypes: connecting the dots toward an evolutionary understanding of modern chronic diseases. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96(1):3–10.
  • 9. Halberg N, Henriksen M, Soderhamn N, et al. Effect of intermittent fasting and refeeding on insulin action in healthy men. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99(6):2128–2136.
  • 10. Gluckman P, Hanson M. Mismatch: Why Our World No Longer Fits Our Bodies. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.
  • 11. De Graaf C. Effects of snacks on energy intake: an evolutionary perspective. Appetite. 2006;47(1):18–23.
  • 12. Halperin ML, Cheema-Dhadli S, Lin SH, Kamel KS. Control of potassium excretion: a Paleolithic perspective. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2006;15(4):430–436.
  • 13. Simopoulos AP. Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2006;60(9):502–507.
  • 14. Cordain L. Implications of Plio-Pleistocene hominin diets for modern humans. In: Ungar P, editor. Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007:363–383.
  • 15. Turner BL, Maes K, Sweeney J, Armelagos GJ. Human evolution, diet, and nutrition. In: Trevathan WR, Smith EO, McKenna JJ, editors.

Evolutionary Medicine and Health: New Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008:55–71.

  • 16. Leonard WR. Lifestyle, diet, and disease: comparative perspectives on the determinants of chronic health risks. In: Stearns SC, Koella JC, editors. Evolution in Health and Disease. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008:265–276.
  • 17. Hood E, Jenkins KP. Evolutionary medicine: a powerful tool for improving human health. Evo Edu Outreach. 2008;1:114–120.
  • 18. Osterdahl M, Kocturk T, Koochek A, Wändell PE. Effects of a short-term intervention with a Paleolithic diet in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(5):682–685.
  • 19. Lamon BD, Hajjar DP. Inflammation at the molecular interface of atherogenesis: an anthropological journey. Am J Pathol. 2008;173(5):1253–1264.
  • 20. BMA Board of Science. Early Life Nutrition and Lifelong Health. London: British Medical Association; 2009.
  • 21. Maziak W. Point-counterpoint. The triumph of the null hypothesis: epidemiology in an age of change. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38(2):393–402.
  • 22. Pettee KK, Ainsworth BE. The Building Healthy Lifestyles Conference: modifying lifestyles to enhance physical activity, diet, and reduce cardiovascular disease. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2009; 3(1 Suppl):6s–10s.
  • 23. Frassetto LA, Schloetter M, Mietus-Synder M, et al. Metabolic and physiologic improvements from consuming a paleolithic, huntergatherer type diet. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009;63(8):947–955.
  • 24. Ramsden CE, Faurot KR, Carrera-Bastos P, et al. Dietary fat quality and coronary heart disease prevention: a unified theory based on

evolutionary, historical, global, and modern perspectives. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 200;11(4):289–301.

  • 25. Omenn GS. Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: evolution and public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107 Suppl 1: 1702–1709.
  • 26. Lindeberg S. Food and Western Disease: Health and Nutrition from an Evolutionary Perspective. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.
  • 27. Muskiet FAJ, Kuipers RS. Lessons from shore-based hunter-gatherer diets in East Africa. In: Cunnane SC, Stewart K, editors. Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2010:77–104.
  • 28. Tishkoff SA, Varkonyi R, Cahinhinan N, et al. Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: recent origin of

alleles that confer malarial resistance. Science. 2001;293(5529): 455–462.

  • 29. Moalem S, Weinberg ED, Percy ME. Hemochromatosis and the enigma of misplaced iron: implications for infectious disease and survival.

Biometals. 2004;17(2):135–139.

  • 30. Akey JM, Eberle MA, Rieder MJ, et al. Population history and natural selection shape patterns of genetic variation in 132 genes. PLoS Biol. 2004;2(10):e286.
  • 31. Duncan SR, Scott S, Duncan CJ. Reappraisal of the historical selective pressures for the CCR5-Delta32 mutation. J Med Genet.

2005;42(3):205–208.

  • 32. Armelagos GJ, Harper KN. Genomics at the origin of agriculture, part one. Evol Anthropol. 2005;14:68–77.
  • 33. Wang ET, Kodama G, Baldi P, Moyzis RK. Global landscape of recent inferred Darwinian selection for Homo sapiens. Proc Natl Acad Sci

U S A. 2006;103(1):135–40.

  • 34. Voight BF, Kudaravalli S, Wen X, Pritchard JK. A map of recent positive selection in the human genome. PLoS Biol. 2006;4(3):e72.
  • 35. Pollard KS, Salama SR, Lambert N, et al. An RNA gene expressed during cortical development evolved rapidly in humans. Nature.

2006;443(7108):167–172.

  • 36. Hawks J, Wang ET, Cochran GM, et al. Recent acceleration of human adaptive evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007;104(52):

20753–20758.

  • 37. Hancock AM, Witonsky DB, Gordon AS, et al. Adaptations to climate in candidate genes for common metabolic disorders. PLoS Genet.

2008;4(2):e32.

  • 38. Chaplin G, Jablonski NG. Vitamin D and the evolution of human depigmentation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009;139(4):451–461.
  • 39. Yi X, Liang Y, Huerta-Sanchez E, et al. Sequencing of 50 human exomes reveals adaptation to high altitude. Science. 2010;329(5987):75–78.
  • 40. Richerson PJ, Boyd R, Henrich J. Colloquium paper: gene-culture coevolution in the age of genomics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;

107 Suppl 2:8985–8992.

  • 41. Hancock AM, Witonsky DB, Ehler E, et al. Colloquium paper: human adaptations to diet, subsistence, and ecoregion are due to subtle shifts in allele frequency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107 Suppl 2: 8924–8930.
  • 42. Luca F, Perry GH, Di Rienzo A. Evolutionary adaptations to dietary changes. Annu Rev Nutr. 2010;30:291–314.
  • 43. Pritchard JK. How we are evolving. Sci Am. 2010;303(4):40–47.

Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2011:2 submit your manuscriptsss | www.dovepress.com Dovepress29 The Western diet and lifestyle

  • 44. Underhill PA, Shen PD, Lin AA, et al. Y chromosome sequence

variation and the history of human populations. Nat Genet. 2000;26: 358–361.

  • 45. Tishkoff S, Williams S. Genetic analysis of African populations: human

evolution and complex disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2002;3:611–621.

  • 46. Conrad D, Jakobsson M, Coop G, et al. A world-wide survey of haplotype

variation and linkage disequilibrium in the human genome. Nat Genet. 2006;38:1251–1260.

  • 47. Cavalli-Sforza LL, Feldman MW. The application of molecular genetic

approaches to the study of human evolution. Nat Genet. 2003;33: 266–275.

  • 48. White TD, Asfaw B, DeGusta D, et al. Pleistocene Homo sapiens from

Middle Awash, Ethiopia. Nature. 2003;423(6941):742–747.

  • 49. McDougall I, Brown FH, Fleagle JG. Stratigraphic placement and age of

modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia. Nature. 2005;433:733–736.

  • 50. Ramachandran S, Deshpande O, Roseman CC, et al. Support from the

relationship of genetic and geographic distance in human populations for a serial founder effect originating in Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(44):15942–15947.

  • 51. Ray N, Currat M, Berthier P, Excoffier L. Recovering the geographic

origin of early modern humans by realistic and spatially explicit simulations. Genome Res. 2005;15:1161–1167.

  • 52. Liu H, Prugnolle F, Manica A, Balloux F. A geographically explicit

genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history. Am J Hum Genet. 2006;79(2):230–237.

  • 53. Manica A, Amos W, Balloux F, Hanihara T. The effect of ancient

population bottlenecks on human phenotypic variation. Nature. 2007;448(7151):346–348.

  • 54. Hudjashov G, Kivisild T, Underhill P, et al. Revealing the prehistoric

settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis. PNAS. 2007;104:8726–8730.

  • 55. Hellenthal G, Auton A, Falush D. Inferring human colonization history

using a copying model. PLoS Genet. 2008;4(5):e1000078.

  • 56. Deshpande O, Batzoglou S, Feldman MW, Cavalli-Sforza LL. A serial

founder effect model for human settlement out of Africa. Proc Biol Sci. 2009;276(1655):291–300.

  • 57. Campbell MC, Tishkoff SA. The evolution of human genetic and

phenotypic variation in Africa. Curr Biol. 2010;20(4):R166–R173.

  • 58. Jakobsson M, Scholz SW, Scheet P, et al. Genotype, haplotype and

copy-number variation in worldwide human populations. Nature. 2008;451(7181):998–1003.

  • 59. Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, et al. A draft sequence of the Neandertal

genome. Science. 2010;328(5979):710–722.

  • 60. Ingram CJ, Mulcare CA, Itan Y, et al. Lactose digestion and the evolutionary

genetics of lactase persistence. Hum Genet. 2009;124(6):579–591.

  • 61. Eaton SB, Strassman BI, Nesse RM, et al. Evolutionary health promotion.

Prev Med. 2002;34(2):109–118.

  • 62. Muskiet FAJ. Adaptation to the conditions of existence. Ned Tijdschr

Klin Chem Labgeneesk. 2006;31:187–193.

  • 63. Sebastian A, Frassetto LA, Sellmeyer DE, Morris RC Jr. The

evolution- informed optimal dietary potassium intake of human beings greatly exceeds current and recommended intakes. Semin Nephrol. 2006;26(6):447–453.

  • 64. Eaton SB. The ancestral human diet: what was it and should it be a paradigm

for contemporary nutrition? Proc Nutr Soc. 2006;65(1):1–6.

  • 65. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, et al. Origins and evolution of the

Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(2):341–354.

  • 66. Eaton SB, Cordain L, Lindeberg S. Evolutionary health promotion:

a consideration of common counterarguments. Prev Med. 2002;34(2): 119–123.

  • 67. Eaton SB, Konner M, Shostak M. Stone agers in the fast lane:

chronic degenerative diseases in evolutionary perspective. Am J Med. 1988;84(4):739–749.

  • 68. Lindeberg S, Nilsson-Ehle P, Terént A, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors

in a Melanesian population apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease: the Kitava study. J Intern Med. 1994;236:331–340.

  • 69. Oliver WJ, Cohen EL, Neel JV. Blood pressure, sodium intake, and

sodium related hormones in the Yanomamo Indians, a “no–salt” culture. Circulation. 1975;52(1):146–151.

  • 70. National High Blood Pressure Education Program. The Seventh Report

of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); 2004.

  • 71. Merimee TJ, Rimoin DL, Cavalli-Sforza LL. Metabolic studies in the

African pygmy. J Clin Invest. 1972;51:395–401.

  • 72. Kuroshima A, Itoh S, Azuma T, Agishi Y. Glucose tolerance test in the

Ainu. Int J Biometerol. 1972;16:193–197.

  • 73. Spielmann RS, Fajans SS, Neel JV, et al. Glucose tolerance in two

unacculturated Indian tribes of Brazil. Diabetologia. 1982;23: 90–93.

  • 74. Lindeberg S, Eliasson M, Lindahl B, Ahren B. Low serum insulin

in traditional Pacific Islanders: the Kitava study. Metabolism. 1999;48:1216–1219.

  • 75. Lindgärde F, Widén I, Gebb M, Ahrén B. Traditional versus agricultural

lifestyle among Shuar women of the Ecuadorian Amazon: effects on leptin levels. Metabolism. 2004;53(10):1355–1358.

  • 76. Pavan L, Casiglia E, ** LM, et al. Effects of a traditional lifestyle

on the cardiovascular risk profile: the Amondava population of the Brazilian Amazon. Comparison with matched African, Italian and Polish populations. J Hypertens. 1999;17(6):749–756.

  • 77. King H, Heywood P, Zimmet P, et al. Glucose tolerance in a highland

population in Papua New Guinea. Diabetes Res. 1984;1(1):45–51.

  • 78. Martin FI, Wyatt GB, Griew AR, et al. Diabetes mellitus in urban and

rural communities in Papua New Guinea. Studies of prevalence and plasma insulin. Diabetologia. 1980;18(5):369–374.

  • 79. King H, Finch C, Collins A, et al. Glucose tolerance in Papua

New Guinea: ethnic differences, association with environmental and behavioural factors and the possible emergence of glucose intolerance in a highland community. Med J Aust. 1989;151(4): 204–210.

  • 80. O’Dea K, Spargo RM, Akerman K. The effect of transition from traditional

to urban life-style on the insulin secretory response in Australian aborigines. Diabetes Care. 1980;3(1):31–37.

  • 81. O’Dea K. Marked improvement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

in diabetic Australian aborigines after temporary reversion to traditional lifestyle. Diabetes. 1984;33(6):596–603.

  • 82. Lindeberg S, Soderberg S, Ahren B, Olsson T. Large differences in

serum leptin levels between non-Westernized and Westernized populations: the Kitava study. J Intern Med. 2001;249:553–558.

  • 83. Bribiescas RG, Hickey MS. Population variation and differences

in serum leptin independent of adiposity: a comparison of Ache Amerindian men of Paraguay and lean American male distance runners. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006;3:34.

  • 84. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Database on Body Mass

Index. http://www.who.int/bmi/index.jsp. Accessed October 10, 2010.

  • 85. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Brand Miller J, et al. An evolutionary analysis of

the etiology and pathogenesis of juvenile-onset myopia. Acta Ophthal Scand. 2002;80:125–135.

  • 86. Agarwal SC, Grynpas MD. Bone quantity and quality in past

populations. Anat Rec. 1996;246(4):423–432.

  • 87. Webb S. Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: Health and

Disease Across a Hunter-Gatherer Continent. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.

  • 88. Perzigian AJ. Osteoporotic bone loss in two prehistoric Indian

populations. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1973;39(1):87–95.

  • 89. Nelson DA. Bone density in three archaeological populations.

Am J Phys Anthropol. 1984;63:198.

  • 90. Ericksen MF. Cortical bone loss with age in three Native American

populations. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1976;45:443–452.

  • 91. Abbott S, Trinkaus E, Burr DB. Dynamic bone remodeling in

later Pleistocene fossil hominids. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996;99: 585–601. submit your manuscriptsss | www.dovepress.com Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2011:2 Dovepress Dovepress 30 Carrera-Bastos et al

  • 92. Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Walker A, Larsen CS. Postcranial robusticity in

Homo. I: Temporal trends and mechanical interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1993;91(1):21–53.

  • 93. Ruff CB, Trinkaus E, Holliday TW. Body mass estimation in Olympic athletes

and Pleistocene Homo. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998;26:192–193.

  • 94. Ruff CB. Body mass prediction from skeletal frame size in elite

athletes. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000;113:507–517.

  • 95. Trinkaus E. Appendicular robusticity and the paleobiology of

modern human emergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(24): 13367–13373.

  • 96. Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, et al. International variations in hip

fracture probabilities: implications for risk assessment. J Bone Miner Res. 2002;17(7):1237–1244.

  • 97. Yoshimura N, Suzuki T, Hosoi T, Orimo H. Epidemiology of

hip fracture in Japan: incidence and risk factors. J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;23 Suppl:78–80.

  • 98. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Niemi S, Parkkari J. Secular trends in the

osteoporotic fractures of the distal humerus in elderly women. Eur J Epidemiol. 1998;14(2):159–164.

  • 99. Barss P. Fractured hips in rural Melanesians: a nonepidemic. Trop

Geogr Med. 1985;37(2):156–159.

  • 100. Jönsson T, Olsson S, Ahrén B, et al. Agrarian diet and diseases of

affluence: do evolutionary novel dietary lectins cause leptin resistance? BMC Endocr Disord. 2005;5:10.

  • 101. Arthaud JB. Causes of death in 339 Alaskan Eskimos as determined

by autopsy. Arch Pathol. 1970;90:433–438.

  • 102. Bang HO, Dyerberg J. Lipid metabolism and ischemic heart disease

in Greenland Eskimos. Adv Nutr Res. 1980;3:1–22.

  • 103. Bjerregaard P, Dyerberg J. Mortality from ischemic heart disease

and cerebrovascular disease in Greenland. Int J Epidemiol. 1988;17: 514–519.

  • 104. Gottman AW. A report of one hundred and three autopsies in Alaskan

natives. Arch Pathol. 1960;70:117–124.

  • 105. Kromann N, Green A. Epidemiological studies in the Upernavik

district, Greenland. Incidence of some chronic diseases 1950–1974. Acta Med Scand. 1980;208:401–406.

  • 106. Middaugh JP. Cardiovascular deaths among Alaskan natives, 1980–86.

Am J Public Health. 1990;80:282–285.

  • 107. Young TK, Moffatt MEK, O’Neil JD. Cardiovascular diseases in an

Arctic population: an epidemiological perspective. Am J Public Health. 1993;83:881–887.

  • 108. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Brand Miller J, et al. The paradoxical nature

of hunter-gatherer diets: meat based, yet non-atherogenic. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(Suppl 1):S42–S52.

  • 109. O’Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L. Cardiovascular disease resulting from

a diet and lifestyle at odds with our Paleolithic genome: how to become a 21st-century hunter-gatherer. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004;79(1): 101–108.

  • 110. Lindeberg S, Berntorp E, Carlsson R, et al. Haemostatic variables

in Pacific Islanders apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease. Thromb Haemost. 1997;77:94–98.

  • 111. Lindeberg S, Berntorp E, Nilsson-Ehle P, et al. Age relations of cardiovascular

risk factors in a traditional Melanesian society: the Kitava Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66:845–852.

  • 112. Lindeberg S, Lundh B. Apparent absence of stroke and ischaemic heart

disease in a traditional Melanesian Island: a clinical study in Kitava. J Intern Med. 1993;233:269–275.

  • 113. Eaton S, Pike M, Short R, et al. Women’s reproductive cancers in

evolutionary context. Q Rev Biol. 1994;69:353–367. 114. Capasso LL. Antiquity of cancer. Int J Cancer. 2005;113(1): 2–13.

  • 115. Bulkley JL. Cancer among primitive tribes. Cancer. 1927;4(4):

289–295.

  • 116. Riveros M. First observation of cancer among the Pampido Indians

of the Paraguayan Chaco. Int Surg. 1970;53(1):51–55.

  • 117. Hearsey H. The rarity of cancer among the aborigines of British Central

Africa. Br Med J. 1906;1562–1563.

  • 118. Dewailly E, Mulvad G, Sloth Pedersen H, et al. Inuit are protected

against prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003;12(9):926–927.

  • 119. Cordain L, Lindeberg S, Hurtado M, et al. Acne vulgaris: a disease of

Western civilization. Arch Dermatol. 2002;138:1584–1590.

  • 120. Narayan KM, Boyle JP, Geiss LS, et al. Impact of recent increase in

incidence on future diabetes burden: US, 2005–2050. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(9):2114–2116.

  • 121. Ruffer M. On arterial lesions found in Egyptian mummies. J Pathol

Bacteriol. 1911;15:453–462.

  • 122. Bruetsch WL. The earliest record of sudden death possibly due to

atherosclerotic coronary occlusion. Circulation. 1959;20:438–441.

  • 123. Cockburn A, Barraco RA, Reyman TA, Peck WH. Autopsy of an

Egyptian mummy. Science. 1975;187:1155–1160.

  • 124. Pollard TM. Western Diseases: An Evolutionary Perspective.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2008.

  • 125. Schaeffer O. When the Eskimo comes to town. Nutr Today. 1971;6:

8–16.

  • 126. O’Dea K, Patel M, Kubisch D, et al. Obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia

in a Central Australia Aboriginal community with a long history of acculturation. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:1004–1010.

  • 127. Dowse GK, Spark RA, Mavo B, Hodge AM. Extraordinary prevalence

of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and bimodal plasma glucose distribution in the Wanigela people of Papua New Guinea. Med J Aust. 1994;160:767–774.

  • 128. Szathmary EJE. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among aboriginal

North Americans. Annu Rev Anthropol. 1994;23:457–482.

  • 129. Hodge AM, Dowse GK, Koki G, et al. Modernity and obesity in coastal

and Highland Papua New Guinea. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1995;19(3):154–161.

  • 130. Ebbesson SO, Schraer CD, Risica PM, et al. Diabetes and impaired

glucose tolerance in three Alaskan Eskimo populations: the Alaska- Siberia Project. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:563–569.

  • 131. Daniel M, Rowley KG, McDermott R, et al. Diabetes incidence in an

Australian aboriginal population: an 8-year follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1993–1998.

  • 132. Cockram CS. Diabetes mellitus: perspective from the Asia-Pacific

region. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2000;50(Suppl 2):S3–S7.

  • 133. Kaler SN, Ralph-Campbell K, Pohar S, et al. High rates of the metabolic

syndrome in a First Nations Community in Western Canada: prevalence and determinants in adults and children. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2006;65(5):389–402.

  • 134. Yu CH, Zinman B. Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in

aboriginal populations: a global perspective. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78(2):159–170.

  • 135. Johnson RJ, Perez-Pozo SE, Sautin YY, et al. Hypothesis: could

excessive fructose intake and uric acid cause type 2 diabetes? Endocr Rev. 2009;30(1):96–116.

  • 136. Ebbesson SO, Adler AI, Risica PM, et al. Cardiovascular disease and

risk factors in three Laskan Eskimo populations: the Alaska-Siberia project. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2005;64(4):365–386.

  • 137. Renner W. The spread of cancer among the descendents of the liberated

Africans or Creoles of Serra Leona. Br Med J. 1910:587–589.

  • 138. Day G, Lanier A. Alaska native mortality, 1979–1998. Public Health

Rep. 2003;118:518–530.

  • 139. Valway S. Cancer Mortality Among Native Americans in the United

States: Regional Differences in Indian Health 1984–1988 and Trends Over Time. Rockville, MD: Indian Health Service; 1992.

  • 140. Baquet C. Native Americans’ cancer rates in comparison with other

peoples of color. Cancer. 1996;78:1538–1544.

  • 141. Lanier A. Cancer incidence in Alaska natives: comparison of two time

periods, 1989–93 vs 1969–73. Cancer Suppl. 1998;83:1815–1817.

  • 142. Lanier A, Jones D. Existence of Alaska native health disparities. Am

J Public Health. 2007;97(9):1541–1542.

  • 143. Louchini R, Beaupré M. Cancer incidence and mortality among

aboriginal people living on reserves and northern villages in Québec, 1988–2004. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2008;67(5):445–451. Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2011:2 submit your manuscriptsss | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Dovepress 31 The Western diet and lifestyle

  • 144. Hildes JA, Schaefer O. The changing picture of neoplastic disease

in the Western and Central Canadian Arctic (1950–1980). Can Med Assoc J. 1984;130:25–32.

  • 145. Robinson EJ, Gebre Y, Pickering JL, et al. Effect of bush living

on aboriginal Canadians of the Eastern James Bay region with non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Chronic Dis Can. 1995;16: 144–148.

  • 146. Booth FW, Chakravarthy MV, Gordon SE, Spangenburg EE. Waging

war on physical inactivity: using modern molecular ammunition against an ancient enemy. J Appl Physiol. 2002;93(1):3–30.

  • 147. Booth FW, Lees SJ. Fundamental questions about genes, inactivity,

and chronic diseases. Physiol Genomics. 2007;28(2):146–157.

  • 148. Booth FW, Laye MJ. The future: genes, physical activity and health.

Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2010;199(4):549–556.

  • 149. Gurven M, Kaplan H. Longevity among hunter-gatherers: a crosscultural

examination. Popul Dev Rev. 2007;33:321–365.

  • 150. Angel LJ. Health as a crucial factor in the changes from hunting to

developed farming in the eastern Mediterranean. In: Cohen MN, Armelagos GJ, editors. Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture. Orlando: Academic Press; 1984:51–73.

  • 151. Vieth R. What is the optimal vitamin D status for health? Prog Biophys

Mol Biol. 2006;92(1):26–32.

  • 152. Wiley TS, Formby B. Lights Out: Sleep, Sugar and Survival. New

York: Pocket Books; 2000.

  • 153. Cordain L, Gotshall RW, Eaton SB, Eaton SB 3rd. Physical activity,

energy expenditure and fitness: an evolutionary perspective. Int J Sports Med. 1998;19(5):328–335.

  • 154. Cordain L. Cereal grains: humanity’s double-edged sword. World Rev

Nutr Diet. 1999;84:19–73.

  • 155. Cordain L, Brand Miller J, Eaton SB, et al. Plant to animal subsistence

ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in world wide huntergatherer diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:682–692.

  • 156. Cordain L. Saturated fat consumption in ancestral human diets:

implications for contemporary intakes. In: Meskin MS, Bidlack WR, Randolph RK, editors. Phytochemicals, Nutrient-Gene Interactions. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2006:115–126.

  • 157. Kuipers RS, Luxwolda MF, Janneke Dijck-Brouwer DA, et al.

Estimated macronutrient and fatty acid intakes from an East African Paleolithic diet. Br J Nutr. 2010:1–22.

  • 158. Deutch B, Dyerberg J, Pedersen HS, et al. Traditional and modern

Greenlandic food: dietary composition, nutrients and contaminants. Sci Total Environ. 2007;384(1–3):106–119.

  • 159. Kuhnlein HV, Receveur O. Local cultural animal food contributes high

levels of nutrients for Arctic Canadian indigenous adults and children. J Nutr. 2007;137(4):1110–1114.

  • 160. Rook GA. 99th Dahlem conference on infection, inflammation and

chronic inflammatory disorders: Darwinian medicine and the ‘hygiene’ or ‘old friends’ hypothesis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;160(1):70–79.

  • 161. Black PH. The inflammatory response is an integral part of the stress

response: implications for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome X. Brain Behav Immun. 2003;17(5): 350–364.

  • 162. Mills NL, Donaldson K, Hadoke PW, et al. Adverse cardiovascular effects

of air pollution. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2009;6(1):36–44.

  • 163. Vardavas CI, Panagiotakos DB. The causal relationship between passive

smoking and inflammation on the development of cardiovascular disease: a review of the evidence. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2009;8(5):328–333.

  • 164. S Tilg H, Moschen AR. Inflammatory mechanisms in the regulation

of insulin resistance. Mol Med. 2008;14(3–4):222–231.

  • 165. Kolb H, Mandrup-Poulsen T. The global diabetes epidemic as a consequence

of lifestyle-induced low-grade inflammation. Diabetologia. 2010;53(1):10–20.

  • 166. Hanson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1658–1695.

  • 167. Cashman KD. Altered bone metabolism in inflammatory disease: role

for nutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(2):196–205.

  • 168. Soto AM, Sonnenschein C. Environmental causes of cancer: endocrine

disruptors as carcinogens. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(7):363–370.

  • 169. Nadal A, Alonso-Magdalena P, Soriano S, et al. The pancreatic

beta-cell as a target of estrogens and xenoestrogens: implications for blood glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;304(1–2):63–68.

  • 170. Lang IA, Galloway TS, Scarlett A, et al. Association of urinary

bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. JAMA. 2008;300(11):1303–1310.

  • 171. Grün F, Blumberg B. Endocrine disrupters as obesogens. Mol Cell

Endocrinol. 2009;304(1–2):19–29.

  • 172. Melzer D, Rice NE, Lewis C, et al. Association of urinary bisphenol

a concentration with heart disease: evidence from NHANES 2003/06. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8673.

  • 173. Vgontzas AN, Zoumakis E, Bixler EO, et al. Adverse effects of modest

sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2119–2126.

  • 174. Tasali E, Leproult R, Spiegel K. Reduced sleep duration or quality:

relationships with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;51:381–391.

  • 175. Krueger PM, Friedman EM. Sleep duration in the United States: a

cross-sectional population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(9): 1052–1063.

  • 176. Haus E, Smolensky M. Biological clocks and shift work: circadian

dysregulation and potential long-term effects. Cancer Causes Control. 2006 May;17(4):489–500.

  • 177. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(3):

266–281.

  • 178. Lee JH, O’Keefe JH, Bell D, et al. Vitamin D deficiency an important,

common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52(24):1949–1956.

  • 179. Grant WB. In defense of the sun: an estimate of changes in mortality

rates in the United States if mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were raised to 45 ng/mL by solar ultraviolet-B irradiance. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009;1(4):207–214.

  • 180. Bohn T, Davidsson L, Walczyk T, Hurrell RF. Phytic acid added to

white-wheat bread inhibits fractional apparent magnesium absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(3):418–423.

  • 181. Hallberg L, Rossander-Hultén L, Brune M, Gleerup A. Calcium and

iron absorption: mechanism of action and nutritional importance. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1992;46(5):317–327.

  • 182. Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc: the neglected nutrient. Am J Otol.

1989;10(2):156–160.

  • 183. Miron W, Sobaniec-Lotowska M, Sulkowski S. [Malignant neoplasms

in autopsy specimens and the magnesium level in the soil of the communities of Grodek and Tykocin]. Wiad Lek. 1989;42(19–21): 1033–1037.

  • 184. Clark LC, Cantor KP, Allaway WH. Selenium in forage crops and

cancer mortality in US counties. Arch Environ Health. 1991;46(1): 37–42.

  • 185. Maksimovic Z, Rsumovic M, Jovic V, et al. Selenium in soil, grass,

and human serum in the Zlatibor mountain area (Serbia): geomedical aspects. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1998;17(3–4):221–227.

  • 186. Fan MS, Zhao FJ, Fairweather-Tait SJ, et al. Evidence of decreasing

mineral density in wheat grain over the last 160 years. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2008;22(4):315–324.

  • 187. Sweeney JP, Marsh AC. Effect of processing on provitamin A in

vegetables. J Am Diet Assoc. 1971;59(3):238–243.

  • 188. Carlson BL, Tabacchi MH. Loss of vitamin C in vegetables during

the food service cycle. J Am Diet Assoc. 1988;88:65–67.

  • 189. Kmiecik W, Lisiewska Z. Effect of the variety and size of fresh and

frozen brussels sprouts on the vitamin C level. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 1989;40(3):215–222.

  • 190. Moshfegh A, Goldman J, Cleveland L. What We Eat in America,

NHANES 2001–2002: Usual Nutrient Intakes From Food Compared to Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (US); 2005. submit your manuscriptsss | www.dovepress.com Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2011:2 Dovepress Dovepress 32 Carrera-Bastos et al

  • 191. Kant AK. Consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods by adult

Americans: nutritional and health implications. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(4):929–936.

  • 192. Rumm-Kreuter D, Demmel I. Comparison of vitamin losses in vegetables

due to various cooking methods. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1990;36 Suppl 1:S7–S14.

  • 193. Kimura M, Itokawa Y. Cooking losses of minerals in foods and

its nutritional significance. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1990;36 Suppl 1:S25–S32.

  • 194. Nursal B, Yücecan S. Vitamin C losses in some frozen vegetables due

to various cooking methods. Nahrung. 2000;44(6):451–453.

  • 195. McKillop DJ, Pentieva K, Daly D, et al. The effect of different cooking

methods on folate retention in various foods that are amongst the major contributors to folate intake in the UK diet. Br J Nutr. 2002;88(6): 681–688.

  • 196. Agte V, Tarwadi K, Mengale S, et al. Vitamin profile of cooked foods:

how healthy is the practice of ready-to-eat foods? Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2002;53(3):197–208.

  • 197. Jiménez-Monreal AM, García-Diz L, Martínez-Tomé M, et al. Influence

of cooking methods on antioxidant activity of vegetables. J Food Sci. 2009;74(3):H97–H103.

  • 198. Lykkesfeldt J, Christen S, Wallock LM, et al. Ascorbate is depleted by

smoking and repleted by moderate supplementation: a study in male smokers and nonsmokers with matched dietary antioxidant intakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(2):530–536.

  • 199. Ames BN. Low micronutrient intake may accelerate the degenerative

diseases of aging through allocation of scarce micronutrients by triage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006;103(47):17589–17594.

  • 200. McCann JC, Ames BN. Vitamin K, an example of triage theory: is

micronutrient inadequacy linked to diseases of aging? Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(4):889–907.

  • 201. He K, Song Y, Belin RJ, Chen Y. Magnesium intake and the metabolic

syndrome: epidemiologic evidence to date. J Cardiometab Syndr. 2006;1(5):351–355.

  • 202. Ford ES, Li C, McGuire LC, et al. Intake of dietary magnesium and

the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(5):1139–1146.

  • 203. Rylander R. Environmental magnesium deficiency as a cardiovascular

risk factor. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1996;3:4–10.

  • 204. Rubenowitz E, Molin I, Axelsson G, Rylander R. Magnesium in drinking

water in relation to morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction. Epidemiology. 2000;11:416–421.

  • 205. Al-Delaimy WK, Rimm EB, Willett WC, et al. Magnesium intake and

risk of coronary heart disease among men. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004;23(1): 63–70.

  • 206. Nielsen FH, Milne DB, Klevay LM, et al. Dietary magnesium deficiency

induces heart rhythm changes, impairs glucose tolerance, and decreases serum cholesterol in post menopausal women. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007;26(2):121–132.

  • 207. Rosanoff A. Magnesium supplements may enhance the effect of antihypertensive

medications in stage 1 hypertensive subjects. Magnes Res. 2010;23(1):27–40.

  • 208. Hatzistavri LS, Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, et al. Oral magnesium

supplementation reduces ambulatory blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2009;22(10): 1070–1075.

  • 209. Hadjistavri LS, Sarafidis PA, Georgianos PI, et al. Beneficial effects

of oral magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and serum lipid profile. Med Sci Monit. 2010;16(6):CR307–CR312. 210. Geleijnse JM, Vermeer C, Grobbee DE, et al. Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study. J Nutr. 2004;134(11):3100–3105.

  • 211. Gast GC, de Roos NM, Sluijs I, et al. A high menaquinone intake

reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009;19(7):504–510.

  • 212. Beulens JW, Bots ML, Atsma F. High dietary menaquinone intake

is associated with reduced coronary calcification. Atherosclerosis. 2009;203(2):489–493.

  • 213. Corwin EJ. The concept of epigenetics and its role in the development

of cardiovascular disease: commentary on “new and emerging theories of cardiovascular disease”. Biol Res Nurs. 2004;6(1):11–16.

  • 214. Matouk CC, Marsden PA. Epigenetic regulation of vascular endothelial

gene expression. Circ Res. 2008;102:873–887.

  • 215. Frassetto L, Morris RC Jr, Sellmeyer DE, et al. Diet, evolution and

aging: the pathophysiologic effects of the post-agricultural inversion of the potassium-to-sodium and base-to-chloride ratios in the human diet. Eur J Nutr. 2001;40(5):200–213.

  • 216. Ströhle A, Hahn A, Sebastian A. Latitude, local ecology, and huntergatherer

dietary acid load: implications from evolutionary ecology. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(4):940–945.

  • 217. Jajoo R, Song L, Rasmussen H, et al. Dietary acid-base balance,

bone resorption, and calcium excretion. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25(3): 224–230.

  • 218. Rylander R, Remer T, Berkemeyer S, Vormann J. Acid-base status

affects renal magnesium losses in healthy, elderly persons. J Nutr. 2006;136(9):2374–2377.

  • 219. Frassetto LA, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A. Dietary sodium chloride

intake independently predicts the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid-producing diet. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007;293(2):F521–F525.

  • 220. Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota

control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes. 2008;57(6): 1470–1481.

  • 221. Cordain L, Toohey L, Smith MJ, Hickey MS. Modulation of

immune function by dietary lectins in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Nutr. 2000;83(3):207–217.

  • 222. Erridge C, Attina T, Spickett CM, Webb DJ. A high-fat meal induces

low-grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(5):1286–1292.

  • 223. Creely SJ, McTernan PG, Kusminski CM, et al. Lipopolysaccharide

activates an innate immune system response in human adipose tissue in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292(3):E740–E747.

  • 224. Monaco C, Paleolog E. Nuclear factor kappaB: a potential therapeutic

target in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;61(4):671–682.

  • 225. Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature.

2006;444(7121):860–867.

  • 226. Deopurkar R, Ghanim H, Friedman J, et al. Differential effects of

cream, glucose, and orange juice on inflammation, endotoxin, and the expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):991–997.

  • 227. Ghanim H, Abuaysheh S, Sia CL, et al. Increase in plasma endotoxin

concentrations and the expression of Toll-like receptors and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 in mononuclear cells after a high-fat, highcarbohydrate meal: implications for insulin resistance. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(12):2281–2287.

  • 228. Ghanim H, Sia CL, Upadhyay M, et al. Orange juice neutralizes the

proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):940–949.

  • 229. Purohit V, Bode JC, Bode C, et al. Alcohol, intestinal bacterial growth,

intestinal permeability to endotoxin, and medical consequences: summary of a symposium. Alcohol. 2008;42(5):349–361.

  • 230. Patel B, Schutte R, Sporns P, et al. Potato glycoalkaloids adversely

affect intestinal permeability and aggravate inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2002;8(5):340–346.

  • 231. Keukens EA, de Vrije T, van den Boom C, et al. Molecular basis of

glycoalkaloid induced membrane disruption. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995;1240(2):216–228. Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2011:2 submit your manuscriptsss | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Dovepress 33 The Western diet and lifestyle

  • 232. Gee JM, Wortley GM, Johnson IT, et al. Effects of saponins and

glycoalkaloids on the permeability and viability of mammalian intestinal cells and on the integrity of tissue preparations in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro. 1996;10(2):117–128.

  • 233. Alvarez JR, Torres-Pinedo R. Interactions of soybean lectin, soyasaponins,

and glycinin with rabbit jejunal mucosa in vitro. Pediatr Res. 1982;16(9):728–731.

  • 234. Chao AC, Nguyen JV, Broughall M, et al. Enhancement of intestinal

model compound transport by DS-1, a modified Quillaja saponin. J Pharm Sci. 1998;87(11):1395–1399.

  • 235. Story JA, LePage SL, Petro MS, et al. Interactions of alfalfa plant and

sprout saponins with cholesterol in vitro and in cholesterol-fed rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;39(6):917–929.

  • 236. Drago S, El Asmar R, Di Pierro M, et al. Gliadin, zonulin and gut

permeability: effects on celiac and non-celiac intestinal mucosa and intestinal cell lines. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(4):408–419.

  • 237. Visser J, Rozing J, Sapone A, et al. Tight junctions, intestinal permeability,

and autoimmunity: celiac disease and type 1 diabetes paradigms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1165:195–205.

  • 238. Bernardo D, Garrote JA, Fernández-Salazar L, et al. Is gliadin really

safe for non-coeliac individuals? Production of interleukin 15 in biopsy culture from non-coeliac individuals challenged with gliadin peptides. Gut. 2007;56(6):889–890.

  • 239. Rakhimova M, Esslinger B, Schulze-Krebs A, et al. In vitro differentiation

of human monocytes into dendritic cells by peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin is independent of genetic predisposition and the presence of celiac disease. J Clin Immunol. 2009;29(1):29–37.

  • 240. Doherty M, Barry RE. Gluten-induced mucosal changes in subjects

without overt small-bowel disease. Lancet. 1981;1(8219):517–520.

  • 241. Reichelt KL, Jensen D. IgA antibodies against gliadin and gluten in

multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110(4):239–241.

  • 242. Pengiran Tengah CD, Lock RJ, Unsworth DJ, Wills AJ. Multiple sclerosis

and occult gluten sensitivity. Neurology. 2004;62(12):2326–2327.

  • 243. Barbeau WE, Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R. Putting the pieces of

the puzzle together: a series of hypotheses on the etiology and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Med Hypotheses. 2007;68(3):607–619.

  • 244. Michaëlsson G, Gerdén B, Hagforsen E, et al. Psoriasis patients with

antibodies to gliadin can be improved by a gluten-free diet. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(1):44–51.

  • 245. Lidén M, Kristjánsson G, Valtýsdóttir S, Hällgren R. Gluten sensitivity

in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007;42(8):962–967.

  • 246. Elkan AC, Sjöberg B, Kolsrud B, et al. Gluten-free vegan diet

induces decreased LDL and oxidized LDL levels and raised atheroprotective natural antibodies against phosphorylcholine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(2):R34.

  • 247. De Faire U, Frostegård J. Natural antibodies against phosphorylcholine

in cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1173: 292–300.

  • 248. Frostegård J, Tao W, Georgiades A, et al. Atheroprotective natural

anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of IgM subclass are decreased in Swedish controls as compared to non-Westernized individuals from New Guinea. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2007;4:7.

  • 249. Kilpatrick DC, Pusztai A, Grant G, et al. Tomato lectin resists digestion

in the mammalian alimentary canal and binds to intestinal villi without deleterious effects. FEBS Lett. 1985;185(2):299–305.

  • 250. Grant G, More LJ, McKenzie NH, Pusztai A. The effect of heating

on the haemagglutinating activity and nutritional properties of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds. J Sci Food Agric. 1982;33(12): 1324–1326.

  • 251. Wang Q, Yu LG, Campbell BJ, et al. Identification of intact peanut lectin

in peripheral venous blood. Lancet. 1998;352(9143):1831–1832.

  • 252. Kamikubo Y, Dellas C, Loskutoff DJ, et al. Contribution of leptin

receptor N-linked glycans to leptin binding. Biochem J. 2008;410(3): 595–604.

  • 253. Muraille E, Pajak B, Urbain J, Leo O. Carbohydrate-bearing cell surface

receptors involved in innate immunity: interleukin-12 induction by mitogenic and nonmitogenic lectins. Cell Immunol. 1999;191(1):1–9.

  • 254. Sodhi A, Kesherwani V. Production of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12

and IFN-gamma in murine peritoneal macrophages on treatment with wheat germ agglutinin in vitro: involvement of tyrosine kinase pathways. Glycoconj J. 2007;24(9):573–582.

  • 255. Saja K, Chatterjee U, Chatterjee BP, Sudhakaran PR. Activation dependent

expression of MMPs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells involves protein kinase A. Mol Cell Biochem. 2007;296(1–2): 185–192.

  • 256. Dubois B, Peumans WJ, Van Damme EJ, et al. Regulation of

gelatinase B (MMP-9) in leukocytes by plant lectins. FEBS Lett. 1998; 427(2):275–278.

  • 257. Ohmori T, Yatomi Y, Wu Y, et al. Wheat germ agglutinin-induced

platelet activation via platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1: involvement of rapid phospholipase C gamma 2 activation by Src family kinases. Biochemistry. 2001;40(43):12992–13001.

  • 258. Cordain L. Atherogenic potential of peanut oil-based monounsaturated

fatty acids diets. Lipids. 1998;33(2):229–230.

  • 259. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish,

and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: Diet And Reinfarction Trial (DART) [see comments]. Lancet. 1989;2:757–761.

  • 260. Ness AR, Hughes J, Elwood PC, et al. The long-term effect of dietary

advice in men with coronary disease: follow-up of the Diet And Reinfarction Trial (DART). Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(6):512–518.

  • 261. Kanková K. Diabetic threesome (hyperglycaemia, renal function

and nutrition) and advanced glycation end products: evidence for the multiple-hit agent? Proc Nutr Soc. 2008;67(1):60–74.

  • 262. Peppa M, Raptis SA. Advanced glycation end products and cardiovascular

disease. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2008;4(2):92–100.

  • 263. Uribarri J, Cai W, Peppa M, et al. Circulating glycotoxins and dietary

advanced glycation endproducts: two links to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(4): 427–433.

  • 264. Uribarri J, Woodruff S, Goodman S, et al. Advanced glycation end

products in foods and a practical guide to their reduction in the diet. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(6):911–916.e12.

  • 265. Cerami C, Founds H, Nicholl I, et al. Tobacco smoke is a source of

toxic reactive glycation products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94: 13915–13920.

  • 266. Cordain L, Eades MR, Eades MD. Hyperinsulinemic diseases of

civilization: more than just Syndrome X. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003;136(1):95–112.

  • 267. Reaven GM. The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary

approaches to treatment. Annu Rev Nutr. 2005;25:391–406.

  • 268. Roberts CK, Liu S. Effects of glycemic load on metabolic health and

type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2009;3(4):697–704.

  • 269. Brand-Miller J, Dickinson S, Barclay A, Allman-Farinelli M. Glycemic

index, glycemic load, and thrombogenesis. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2009;35(1):111–118.

  • 270. Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic

load, and chronic disease risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(3):627–637.

  • 271. Larsen TM, Dalskov SM, van Baak M, et al. Diets with high or low

protein content and glycemic index for weight-loss maintenance. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(22):2102–2113.

  • 272. Thomas DE, Elliott EJ, Baur L. Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic

load diets for overweight and obesity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;3:CD005105.

  • 273. Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Role of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1,

hyperglycaemic food and milk consumption in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18(10):833–841.

  • 274. Alas-Salvadó J, Farrés X, Luque X, et al. Effect of two doses of a

mixture of soluble fibres on body weight and metabolic variables in overweight or obese patients: a randomised trial. Br J Nutr. 2008;99(6): 1380–1387. submit your manuscriptsss | www.dovepress.com Research Reports in Clinical Cardiology 2011:2 Dovepress Dovepress 34 Carrera-Bastos et al

  • 275. Tarini J, Wolever TM. The fermentable fibre insulin increases

postprandial serum short-chain fatty acids and reduces freefatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(1):9–16.

  • 276. Higginson J, Oettlé AG. Cancer incidence in the Bantu and “Cape

Colored” races of South Africa: report of a cancer survey in the Transvaal (1953–1955). J Natl Cancer Inst. 1960;24:589–671.

  • 277. Calder JF, Wachira MW, Van Sant T, et al. Diverticular disease,

carcinoma of the colon and diet in urban and rural Kenyan Africans. Diagn Imaging Clin Med. 1980;42:23–28.

  • 278. Mitchell BL, Lawson MJ, Davies M, et al. Volatile fatty acids in

the human intestine: studies in surgical patients. Nutr Res. 1985;5: 1089–1092.

  • 279. Singh N. Blockade of dendritic cell development by bacterial fermentation

products butyrate and propionate through a transporter (Slc5a8)-dependent inhibition of histone deacetylases. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(36):27601–27608.

  • 280. Peng L, Li ZR, Green RS, et al. Butyrate enhances the intestinal

barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMPactivated protein kinase in Caco–2 cell monolayers. J Nutr. 2009;139: 1619–1625.

  • 281. Lewis K, Lutgendorff F, Phan V, et al. Enhanced translocation of

bacteria across metabolically stressed epithelia is reduced by butyrate. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010;16(7):1138–1148.

  • 282. Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose)

in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(4):899–906.

  • 283. Ouyang X, Cirillo P, Sautin Y, et al. Fructose consumption as a risk

factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2008;48(6): 993–999.

  • 284. Holt SH, Miller JC, Petocz P. An insulin index of foods: the insulin

demand generated by 1000-kJ portions of common foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;66(5):1264–1276.

  • 285. Ostman EM, Liljeberg Elmståhl HG, Björck IM. Inconsistency

between glycemic and insulinemic responses to regular and fermented milk products. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74:96–100.

  • 286. Liljeberg Elmstahl H, Bjorck I. Milk as a supplement to mixed meals

may elevate postprandial insulinaemia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2001;55: 994–999.

  • 287. Hoyt G, Hickey MS, Cordain L. Dissociation of the glycaemic and

insulinaemic responses to whole and skimmed milk. Br J Nutr. 2005;93(2):175–177.

  • 288. Hoppe C, Mølgaard C, Vaag A, et al. High intakes of milk, but not

meat increases insulin and insulin resistance in 8-year-old boys. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(3):393–398.

  • 289. Pereira MA, Jacobs DR Jr, Van Horn L, et al. Dairy consumption,

obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA study. JAMA. 2002;287(16):2081–2089.

  • 290. Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Dairy consumption

is inversely associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(3):523–530.

  • 291. Liu S, Song Y, Ford ES, et al. Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the

prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(12):2926–2932.

  • 292. Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Timpson N, Davey Smith G. Avoiding milk is

associated with a reduced risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: findings from the British Women’s Heart and Health Study. Diabet Med. 2005;22(6):808–811.

  • 293. Almon R, Alvarez-Leon EE, Engfeldt P, et al. Associations between

lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands. Eur J Nutr. 2010;49(3):141–146.

  • 294. Ma B, Lawson AB, Liese AD, et al. Dairy, magnesium, and calcium

intake in relation to insulin sensitivity: approaches to modeling a dosedependent association. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;164(5):449–458.

  • 295. Melnik BC. Milk: the promoter of chronic Western diseases. Med

Hypotheses. 2009;72(6):631–639.

  • 296. Aranda P, Sanchez L, Perez MD, et al. Insulin in bovine colostrum and

milk: evolution throughout lactation and binding to caseins. J Dairy Sci. 1991;74(12):4320–4325.

  • 297. Collier RJ, Miller MA, Hildebrandt JR, et al. Factors affecting

insulin-like growth factor-I concentration in bovine milk. J Dairy Sci. 1991;74: 2905–2911.

  • 298. Bastian SE, Tao W, Georgiades A, et al. Measurement of betacellulin

levels in bovine serum, colostrum and milk. J Endocrinol. 2001;168(1): 203–212.

  • 299. Farlow DW, Xu X, Veenstra TD. Quantitative measurement of

endogenous estrogen metabolites, risk factors for development of breast cancer, in commercial milk products by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009;877(13): 1327–1334.

  • 300. Danby FW. Acne, dairy and cancer: the 5alpha-P link. Dermatoendocrinol.

2009;1(1):12–16.

  • 301. Kirkwood TB. Understanding ageing from an evolutionary perspective.

J Intern Med. 2008 Feb;263(2):117–127.

  • 302. Bunn HF, Higgins PJ. Reaction of monosaccharides with proteins:

possible evolutionary significance. Science. 1981;213:222–2224.

  • 303. Takeuchi M, Iwaki M, Takino J, et al. Immunological detection

of fructose-derived advanced glycation end-products. Lab Invest. 2010;90(7):1117–1127.

  • 304. National Academy of Sciences. Dietary Reference Intakes: The

Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements. 1st ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2006.

  • 305. Campbell B, Kreider RB, Ziegenfuss T, et al. International Society of

Sports Nutrition position stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2007;4:8.

  • 306. Dreyer HC, Volpi E. Role of protein and amino acids in the

pathophysiology and treatment of sarcopenia. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005;24(2):140S–145S.

  • 307. Kerstetter JE, Gaffney ED, O’Brien O. Dietary protein increases

intestinal calcium absorption and improves bone balance: an hypothesis. In: Burckhardt P, Heaney R, Dawson-Hughes B, editors. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, May 4–6, 2006. Lausanne, Switzerland. Elsevier; 2007:204–216.

  • 308. Dawson-Hughes B. Protein intake and calcium absorption: potential

role of the calcium sensor receptor. In: Burckhardt P, Heaney R, Dawson- Hughes B, editors. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, May 4–6, 2006. Lausanne, Switzerland. Elsevier; 2007:217–227.

  • 309. Hunt JR, Johnson LK, Fariba Roughead ZK. Dietary protein and

calcium interact to influence calcium retention: a controlled feeding study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:1357–1365.

  • 310. Sebastian A. Dietary protein content and the diet’s net acid load: opposing

effects on bone health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(5):921–922.

  • 311. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Nieuwenhuizen A, Tome D, et al. Dietary

protein, weight loss, and weight maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2009;29: 21–41.

  • 312. Hodgson JM, Burke V, Beilin LJ, Puddey IB. Partial substitution of

carbohydrate intake with protein intake from lean red meat lowers blood pressure in hypertensive persons. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(4): 780–787.

  • 313. Skov AR, Toubro S, Bulow J, et al. Changes in renal function during

weight loss induced by high vs low-protein low-fat diets in overweight subjects. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23(11):1170–1177.

  • 314. Wrone EM, Carnethon MR, Palaniappan L, Fortmann SP. Association

of dietary protein intake and microalbuminuria in healthy adults: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(3):580–587.

  • 315. Knight EL, Stampfer MJ, Hankinson SE, et al. The impact of protein

intake on renal function decline in women with normal renal function or mild renal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138: 460–467.

  • 316. Martin WF, Armstrong LE, Rodriguez NR. Dietary protein intake and

renal function. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005;2:25.

  • 317. Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, et al. Low-carbohydrate

nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):276–284.

  • 318. Volek JS, Fernandez ML, Feinman RD, et al. Dietary carbohydrate

restriction induces a unique metabolic state positively affecting atherogenic dyslipidemia, fatty acid partitioning, and metabolic syndrome. Prog Lipid Res. 2008;47:307–318.

  • 319. Simopoulos AP. The Mediter ranean diets: what is so special

about the diet of Greece? The scientific evidence. J Nutr. 2001;131:3065S–3073S.

  • 320. Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty

acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77(5):1146–1155.

  • 321. Carluccio MA, Massaro M, Scoditti E, De Caterina R. Vas*******protective

potential of olive oil components. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007;51(10):1225–1234.

  • 322. Cicerale S, Lucas L, Keast R. Biological activities of phenolic

compounds present in virgin olive oil. Int J Mol Sci. 2010;11(2): 458–479.

  • 323. Clarke R, Frost C, Collins R, et al. Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol:

quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. BMJ. 1997;314: 112–117.

  • 324. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Saturated fatty acids and

risk of coronary heart disease: modulation by replacement nutrients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2010;12(6):384–390.

  • 325. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Meta-analysis of prospective

cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(3):535–546.

  • 326. Jakobsen MU, Dethlefsen C, Joensen AM, et al. Intake of carbohydrates

compared with intake of saturated fatty acids and risk of myocardial infarction: importance of the glycemic index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(6):1764–1768.

  • 327. Stanhope JM, Sampson VM, Prior IA. The Tokelau Island Migrant

Study: serum lipid concentration in two environments. J Chronic Dis. 1981;34(2–3):45–55.

  • 328. Forsythe CE, Phinney SD, Fernandez ML, et al. Comparison of low

fat and low carbohydrate diets on circulating fatty acid composition and markers of inflammation. Lipids. 2008 Jan;43(1):65–77.

  • 329. Assunção ML, Ferreira HS, dos Santos AF, et al. Effects of dietary

coconut oil on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles of women presenting abdominal obesity. Lipids. 2009;44(7):593–601.

  • 330. Nevin KG, Rajamohan T. Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil

on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clin Biochem. 2004;37(9):830–835.

  • 331. Müller H, Lindman AS, Blomfeldt A, et al. A diet rich in coconut oil

reduces diurnal postprandial variations in circulating tissue plasminogen activator antigen and fasting lipoprotein (a) compared with a diet rich in unsaturated fat in women. J Nutr. 2003;133(11):3422–3427.

  • 332. Pella D, Dubnov G, Singh RB, et al. Effects of an Indo-Mediterranean

diet on the omega-6/omega-3 ratio in patients at high risk of coronary artery disease: the Indian paradox. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2003;92: 74–80.

  • 333. Dubnov G, Berry EM. Omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio: the Israeli

paradox. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2003;92:81–91.

  • 334. Ramsden CE, Hibbeln JR, Lands WE. Letter to the Editor re: linoleic

acid and coronary heart disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2009;80(1):77.

  • 335. Harris WS. The omega-3 index: clinical utility for therapeutic intervention.

Curr Cardiol Rep. 2010;12(6):503–508.

  • 336. Calder PC. The 2008 ESPEN Sir David Cuthbertson Lecture. Fatty

acids and inflammation: from the membrane to the nucleus and from the laboratory bench to the clinic. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(1): 5–12.

  • 337. Ramsden CE, Hibbeln JR, Majchrzak SF, Davis JM. N-6 fatty acidspecific

and mixed polyunsaturate dietary interventions have different effects on CHD risk: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(11):1586–1600.

  • 338. De Lorgeril M, Renaud S, Mamelle N, et al. Mediterranean alphalinolenic

acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet. 1994;343(8911):1454–1459.

  • 339. Muskiet FAJ. Pathophysiology and evolutionary aspects of dietary

fats and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids across the life cycle. In: Montmayeur JP, le Coutre J, editors. Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2010: 19–79.

  • 340. Serhan CN. Novel lipid mediators and resolution mechanisms

in acute inflammation: to resolve or not? Am J Pathol. 2010;177(4):1576–15791.

  • 341. Lindeberg S, Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, et al. A Palaeolithic diet

improves glucose tolerance more than a Mediterranean-like diet in individuals with ischaemic heart disease. Diabetologia. 2007;50(9): 1795–1807.

  • 342. Jönsson T, Granfeldt Y, Ahrén B, et al. Beneficial effects of a Paleolithic

diet on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a randomized cross-over pilot study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:35.

  • 343. Jönsson T, Ahrén B, Pacini G, et al. A Paleolithic diet confers higher

insulin sensitivity, lower C-reactive protein and lower blood pressure than a cereal-based diet in domestic pigs. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2006;3:39.

Non andrebbe forse scritta in maniera totalmente differente questa voce? "Cosa mangiare" e "Cosa non mangiare" non sono molto enciclopedici

Collegamenti esterni modificati[modifica wikitesto]

Gentili utenti,

ho appena modificato 1 collegamento esterno sulla pagina Paleodieta. Per cortesia controllate la mia modifica. Se avete qualche domanda o se fosse necessario far sì che il bot ignori i link o l'intera pagina, date un'occhiata a queste FAQ. Ho effettuato le seguenti modifiche:

Fate riferimento alle FAQ per informazioni su come correggere gli errori del bot.

Saluti.—InternetArchiveBot (Segnala un errore) 01:34, 21 dic 2019 (CET)[rispondi]

Collegamenti esterni interrotti[modifica wikitesto]

Una procedura automatica ha modificato uno o più collegamenti esterni ritenuti interrotti:

In caso di problemi vedere le FAQ.—InternetArchiveBot (Segnala un errore) 00:44, 30 ago 2020 (CEST)[rispondi]