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* {{cite journal | last=Matrajt | first=Graciela | last2=Naughton | first2=Brienna | last3=Bandyopadhyay | first3=Ananda S | last4=Meschke | first4=John Scott | title=A Review of the Most Commonly Used Methods for Sample Collection in Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus | journal=Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=67 | issue=suppl_1 | date=2018-10-30 | issn=1058-4838 | pmid=30376094 | pmc=6206110 | doi=10.1093/cid/ciy638 | pages=S90–S97}} |
* {{cite journal | last=Matrajt | first=Graciela | last2=Naughton | first2=Brienna | last3=Bandyopadhyay | first3=Ananda S | last4=Meschke | first4=John Scott | title=A Review of the Most Commonly Used Methods for Sample Collection in Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus | journal=Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=67 | issue=suppl_1 | date=2018-10-30 | issn=1058-4838 | pmid=30376094 | pmc=6206110 | doi=10.1093/cid/ciy638 | pages=S90–S97}} |
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* {{cite journal | last=Zdrazilek | first=Jan | last2=SRAMOVA | first2=HELENA | last3=HOFFMANOVA | first3=VERA | title=Comparison of Poliovirus Detection in Sewage and Stool Samples; A Study in a Crèche in the Third Week After Vaccination | journal=International journal of epidemiology | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=6 | issue=2 | year=1977 | issn=0300-5771 | pmid=197033 | doi=10.1093/ije/6.2.169 | pages=169–172}} |
* {{cite journal | last=Zdrazilek | first=Jan | last2=SRAMOVA | first2=HELENA | last3=HOFFMANOVA | first3=VERA | title=Comparison of Poliovirus Detection in Sewage and Stool Samples; A Study in a Crèche in the Third Week After Vaccination | journal=International journal of epidemiology | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=6 | issue=2 | year=1977 | issn=0300-5771 | pmid=197033 | doi=10.1093/ije/6.2.169 | pages=169–172}} |
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* {{cite journal | last=Tian | first=Peng | last2=Yang | first2=David | last3=Shan | first3=Lei | last4=Wang | first4=Dapeng | last5=Li | first5=Qianqian | last6=Gorski | first6=Lisa | last7=Lee | first7=Bertram G. | last8=Quiñones | first8=Beatriz | last9=Cooley | first9=Michael B. | title=Concurrent Detection of Human Norovirus and Bacterial Pathogens in Water Samples from an Agricultural Region in Central California Coast | journal=Frontiers in microbiology | publisher=Frontiers Media SA | volume=8 | date=2017-08-21 | issn=1664-302X | pmid=28871242 | pmc=5566579 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01560}} |
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* Tian P., Yang D., Shan L., Wang D., Li Q., Gorski L., et al. Concurrent detection of human norovirus and bacterial pathogens in water samples from an agricultural region in Central California coast. Front. Microbiol. 2017;8:1560. |
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* {{cite journal | last=Cooley | first=Michael | last2=Carychao | first2=Diana | last3=Crawford-Miksza | first3=Leta | last4=Jay | first4=Michele T. | last5=Myers | first5=Carol | last6=Rose | first6=Christopher | last7=Keys | first7=Christine | last8=Farrar | first8=Jeff | last9=Mandrell | first9=Robert E. | editor-last=Fox | editor-first=Debbie | title=Incidence and Tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Major Produce Production Region in California | journal=PloS one | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=2 | issue=11 | date=2007-11-14 | issn=1932-6203 | pmid=18174909 | pmc=2174234 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0001159 | page=e1159}} |
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* Cooley M., Carychao D., Crawford-Miksza L., Jay M.T., Myers C., Rose C., et al. Incidence and tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a major produce production region in California. PLoS One. 2007;2 |
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* Barrett T |
* {{cite journal | last=Barrett | first=T J | last2=Blake | first2=P A | last3=Morris | first3=G K | last4=Puhr | first4=N D | last5=Bradford | first5=H B | last6=Wells | first6=J G | title=Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage | journal=Journal of clinical microbiology | publisher=American Society for Microbiology | volume=11 | issue=4 | year=1980 | issn=0095-1137 | pmid=6989857 | pmc=273409 | doi=10.1128/jcm.11.4.385-388.1980 | pages=385–388}} |
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*{{cite journal | last=Merson | first=Michael H. | last2=MARTIN | first2=WILLIAM T. | last3=CRAIG | first3=JOHN P. | last4=MORRIS | first4=GEORGE K. | last5=BLAKE | first5=PAUL A. | last6=CRAUN | first6=GUNTHER F. | last7=FEELEY | first7=JOHN C. | last8=CAMACHO | first8=JOAQUIN C. | last9=GANGAROSA | first9=EUGENE J. | title=CHOLERA ON GUAM, 1974 | journal=American journal of epidemiology | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=105 | issue=4 | year=1977 | issn=1476-6256 | pmid=848485 | doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112393 | pages=349–361}} |
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* Merson M.H., Martin W.T., Craig J.P., Morris G.K., Blake P.A., Craun G.F., et al. Cholera on Guam, 1974: epidemiologic findings and isolation of non-toxinogenic strains. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1977;105:349–361. |
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* {{cite journal | last=Simanjuntak | first=C. H. | last2=O'Hanley | first2=P. | last3=Punjabi | first3=N. H. | last4=Noriega | first4=F. | last5=Pazzaglia | first5=G. | last6=Dykstra | first6=P. | last7=Kay | first7=B. | last8=Budiarso | first8=A. | last9=Rifai | first9=A. R. | last10=Wasserman | first10=S. S. | last11=Losonsky | first11=G. | last12=Kaper | first12=J. | last13=Cryz | first13=S. | last14=Levine | first14=M. M. | title=Safety, Immunogenicity, and Transmissibility of Single-Dose Live Oral Cholera Vaccine Strain CVD l03-HgR in 24- to 59-Month-Old Indonesian Children | journal=The Journal of infectious diseases | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=168 | issue=5 | date=1993-11-01 | issn=0022-1899 | pmid=8228350 | doi=10.1093/infdis/168.5.1169 | pages=1169–1176}} |
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* Simanjuntak C.H., O'Hanley P., Punjabi N.H., Noriega F., Pazzaglia G., Dykstra P., et al. Safety, immunogenicity, and transmissibility of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine strain CVD 103-HgR in 24- to 59-month-old Indonesian children. J. Infect. Dis. 1993;168:1169–1176. |
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* {{Cita pubblicazione|cognome=Barrett |nome=T J |cognome2=Blake |nome2=P A |cognome3=Morris |nome3=G K |cognome4=Puhr |nome4=N D |cognome5=Bradford |nome5=H B |cognome6=Wells |nome6=J G |titolo=Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage |rivista=Journal of Clinical Microbiology | editore=American Society for Microbiology | volume=11 | numero=4 |anno=1980 | issn=0095-1137 | doi=10.1128/jcm.11.4.385-388.1980 |pp=385–388}} |
* {{Cita pubblicazione|cognome=Barrett |nome=T J |cognome2=Blake |nome2=P A |cognome3=Morris |nome3=G K |cognome4=Puhr |nome4=N D |cognome5=Bradford |nome5=H B |cognome6=Wells |nome6=J G |titolo=Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage |rivista=Journal of Clinical Microbiology | editore=American Society for Microbiology | volume=11 | numero=4 |anno=1980 | issn=0095-1137 | doi=10.1128/jcm.11.4.385-388.1980 |pp=385–388}} |
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* {{Cita pubblicazione|cognome=Rafiee |nome=Mohammad |cognome2=Isazadeh |nome2=Siavash |cognome3=Mohseni-Bandpei |nome3=Anoushiravan |cognome4=Mohebbi |nome4=Seyed Reza |cognome5=Jahangiri-rad |nome5=Mahsa |cognome6=Eslami |nome6=Akbar |cognome7=Dabiri |nome7=Hossein |cognome8=Roostaei |nome8=Kasra |cognome9=Tanhaei |nome9=Mohammad | cognome10=Amereh | nome10=Fatemeh |titolo=Moore swab performs equal to composite and outperforms grab sampling for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater |rivista=Science of The Total Environment | editore=Elsevier BV | volume=790 |anno=2021 | issn=0048-9697 | doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148205 |p=148205}} |
* {{Cita pubblicazione|cognome=Rafiee |nome=Mohammad |cognome2=Isazadeh |nome2=Siavash |cognome3=Mohseni-Bandpei |nome3=Anoushiravan |cognome4=Mohebbi |nome4=Seyed Reza |cognome5=Jahangiri-rad |nome5=Mahsa |cognome6=Eslami |nome6=Akbar |cognome7=Dabiri |nome7=Hossein |cognome8=Roostaei |nome8=Kasra |cognome9=Tanhaei |nome9=Mohammad | cognome10=Amereh | nome10=Fatemeh |titolo=Moore swab performs equal to composite and outperforms grab sampling for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater |rivista=Science of The Total Environment | editore=Elsevier BV | volume=790 |anno=2021 | issn=0048-9697 | doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148205 |p=148205}} |
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Versione delle 15:46, 8 gen 2022
Il tampone di Moore è un metodo di sorveglianza ambientale utilizzato a lungo dai sanitari di tutto il mondo per rilevare e isolare i patogeni enterici - che si possono trovare nei materiali biologici come le feci o le urine - rilevabili nell'acqua sia reflua che non[1].
Storia
Il tampone di Moore fu descritto per la prima volta da Brendan Moore nel 1946 per rintracciare Salmonella Paratyphi B dalle acque reflue nel [Devon]] settentrionale, in Inghilterra, al fine di determinare le fonti di infezione responsabili di sporadiche epidemie di febbre paratifoide.
Fu poi utilizzato globalmente per rilevare diversi agenti patogeni escreti nelle acque, come i coxsackie virus, i poliovirus, i norovirus umano, l'Escherichia coli O157: H7, il Vibrio cholerae O1 e la Salmonella typhi. Nel corso degli anni la tecnica, un tempo utilizzata per tracciare i portatori cronici di Salmonella Paratyphi B, si estese alla sorveglianza ambientale, allo studio di epidemie in corso e al rilevamento di patogeni in una serie di acque potabili e di quelle reflue[1]. Dal 2020 il tampone è usato per la ricerca nelle acque reflue del virus SARS-CoV-2[2].
Uso
Il tampone di Moore funge da filtro per raccogliere e trattenere microrganismi per un lungo periodo di tempo. Si compone a partire da una striscia di garza di cotone lunga circa 120 cm e larga circa 15 cm, ripiegata a metà 3 volte fino ad assumere la forma di un cuscinetto quadrato di 15 cm di lato[3]. Tale cuscinetto è poi legato lungo la linea mediana con un filo di nylon o una lenza da pescatore[3] e, se del caso, sterilizzato in autoclave[3]. Alcune varianti di fabbricazione prevedono tagli lungo il corpo del tampone così costruito, oppure la legatura a un estremo piuttosto che alla mediana[3]. I tamponi così predisposti sono immersi nei liquami della rete fognaria in punti predefiniti di pescaggio in modo da intercettare l'eventuale presenza di patogeni a monte del punto di prelievo[1].
Note
- ^ a b c (EN) Pengbo Liu, Makoto Ibaraki, Jamie VanTassell, Kelly Geith, Matthew Cavallo, Rebecca Kann, Lizheng Guo e Christine L. Moe, A Sensitive, Simple, and Low-cost Method for COVID-19 Wastewater Surveillance at an Institutional Level, in Jay Gan (a cura di), Science of The Total Environment, vol. 807, Amsterdam, Elsevier BV, 2021, p. 151047, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151047, ISSN 0048-9697.
- ^ Mohammad Rafiee, Siavash Isazadeh, Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, Mahsa Jahangiri-rad, Akbar Eslami, Hossein Dabiri, Kasra Roostaei, Mohammad Tanhaei e Fatemeh Amereh, Moore Swab Performs Equal to composite and Outperforms Grab Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring in Wastewater, in Damia Barcelo (a cura di), Science of The Total Environment, vol. 790, Amsterdam, Elsevier BV, 2021, p. 148205, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148205, ISSN 0048-9697.
- ^ a b c d (EN) Michael J. Sikorski e Myron M. Levine, Reviving the “Moore Swab”: a Classic Environmental Surveillance Tool Involving Filtration of Flowing Surface Water and Sewage Water to Recover Typhoidal Salmonella Bacteria, in Applied Environmental Biology, vol. 86, n. 13, Washington, American Society for Microbiology, 2020, DOI:10.1128/AEM.00060-20, ISSN 1098-5336.
Bibliografia
Riviste
- Sally Kelly, Poliomyelitis and Other Enteric Viruses in Sewage, in American journal of public health and the nation's health, vol. 47, n. 1, American Public Health Association, 1957, pp. 72–77, DOI:10.2105/ajph.47.1.72.
- SA Sattar, Isolation of apparently wild strains of poliovirus type 1 from sewage in the Ottawa area., in Canadian Medical Association journal, vol. 116, n. 1, 8 gennaio 1977, pp. 25–7.
- Graciela Matrajt, A Review of the Most Commonly Used Methods for Sample Collection in Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus, in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, vol. 67, suppl_1, Oxford University Press (OUP), 30 ottobre 2018, pp. S90–S97, DOI:10.1093/cid/ciy638.
- Jan Zdrazilek, Comparison of Poliovirus Detection in Sewage and Stool Samples; A Study in a Crèche in the Third Week After Vaccination, in International journal of epidemiology, vol. 6, n. 2, Oxford University Press (OUP), 1977, pp. 169–172, DOI:10.1093/ije/6.2.169.
- Peng Tian, Concurrent Detection of Human Norovirus and Bacterial Pathogens in Water Samples from an Agricultural Region in Central California Coast, in Frontiers in microbiology, vol. 8, Frontiers Media SA, 21 agosto 2017, DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01560.
- Michael Cooley, Incidence and Tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a Major Produce Production Region in California, in PloS one, vol. 2, n. 11, Public Library of Science (PLoS), 14 novembre 2007, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0001159.
- T J Barrett, Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage, in Journal of clinical microbiology, vol. 11, n. 4, American Society for Microbiology, 1980, pp. 385–388, DOI:10.1128/jcm.11.4.385-388.1980.
- Michael H. Merson, CHOLERA ON GUAM, 1974, in American journal of epidemiology, vol. 105, n. 4, Oxford University Press (OUP), 1977, pp. 349–361, DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112393.
- C. H. Simanjuntak, Safety, Immunogenicity, and Transmissibility of Single-Dose Live Oral Cholera Vaccine Strain CVD l03-HgR in 24- to 59-Month-Old Indonesian Children, in The Journal of infectious diseases, vol. 168, n. 5, Oxford University Press (OUP), 1º novembre 1993, pp. 1169–1176, DOI:10.1093/infdis/168.5.1169.
- T J Barrett, P A Blake, G K Morris, N D Puhr, H B Bradford e J G Wells, Use of Moore swabs for isolating Vibrio cholerae from sewage, in Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 11, n. 4, American Society for Microbiology, 1980, pp. 385–388, DOI:10.1128/jcm.11.4.385-388.1980, ISSN 0095-1137.
- Mohammad Rafiee, Siavash Isazadeh, Anoushiravan Mohseni-Bandpei, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, Mahsa Jahangiri-rad, Akbar Eslami, Hossein Dabiri, Kasra Roostaei, Mohammad Tanhaei e Fatemeh Amereh, Moore swab performs equal to composite and outperforms grab sampling for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring in wastewater, in Science of The Total Environment, vol. 790, Elsevier BV, 2021, p. 148205, DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148205, ISSN 0048-9697.
Voci correlate