Utente:Ricordisamoa/Sandbox/Magnus Manske

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Magnus Manske nel 2012

Heinrich Magnus Manske (Colonia, 24 maggio 1974) è un biochimico e programmatore tedesco, Senior Staff Scientist al Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute[1][2][3][4][5] e autore di una delle prime versioni del software MediaWiki.

Istruzione[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Ha studiato biochimica all'Università di Colonia e si è laureato nel 2006 con un PhD; l'oggetto della sua tesi era uno strumento open source di biologia molecolare chiamato GENtle.[6][7][8]

Carriera[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Da studente Manske è stato uno dei primi contributori all'enciclopedia online NuPedia, precursore di Wikipedia, ed ha scritto una delle prime versioni del software MediaWiki su cui Wikipedia funziona.[9] Manske lavora a Cambridge al Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute da aprile 2007,[10][11][12][13][14] ma è ancora attivo nello sviluppo di strumenti per Wikipedia.[15]

Nel 2012, Manske è co-autore di un articolo pubblicato su Nature che illustra nuovi modi di identificare aree in cui si evolvono i parassiti della malaria, e descrive tecniche per mappare la resistenza ai farmaci antimalarici. I ricercatori hanno sviluppato una tecnica per estrarre il DNA del parassita della malaria direttamente dal sangue, che minimizza gli errori nel sequenziamento.[10][16]

Sviluppo di MediaWiki[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Da studente, Manske fu coinvolto nel progetto Nupedia, e sviluppò strumenti ed estensioni per Nupedia. Successivamente, Manske sviluppò una delle prime versioni di ciò che più tardi divenne MediaWiki.[17]

Il software wiki usato inizialmente per Wikipedia si chiamava UseModWiki ed era scritto in Perl. With issues of scale starting to present themselves as Wikipedia grew, in the summer of 2001, Manske started work on a replacement for UseModWiki, that would be database-backed and would contain "wikipedia-specific features."[18] Il 25 gennaio 2002, Manske pubblicò la prima versione di un motore wiki in PHP basato su MySQL, chiamato Phase II.[19][20] Una innovazione implementata da Manske nella Fase II era l'uso degli spazi dei nomi per separare diversi tipi di pagine, come il namespace "Discussione" o "Utente", che lo distingueva dal vecchio software Wiki che non aveva namespace differenti.[18] La Fase II introdusse anche molte altre funzioni tuttora presenti, come il caricamento dei file, gli osservati speciali, firme automatiche, e liste di contributi utente.[21][22]

Manske era un sostenitore dell'open source e specificamente della licenza GPL, e il suo lavoro sulle prime versioni di MediaWiki fu pubblicato secondo quella licenza.[23]

Manske's Phase II software encountered load issues as Wikipedia continued to grow, so Lee Daniel Crocker did another re-write, which led to phase III, which was used from June 2002 and from 2003 onwards was called "MediaWiki".[20] The resultant Mediawiki software is now used as the core platform for both Wikipedia and many Wikimedia sister projects, as well as in many organizations and institutions.

Manske ha continuato a sviluppare strumenti ed estensioni per MediaWiki, inclusi strumenti per mappare l'appartenenza a categorie, calcolare intersezioni di categorie, e importare immagini da Flickr a Wikimedia Commons.[24][25] Manske ha sviluppato anche l'estensione Cite che ha portato una sintassi simile a XML per la gestione delle citazioni.[26]

Development of MediaWiki[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

As a student, Manske was one of the most active contributors to the NuPedia project,[27] submitting content on biology topics[9] and developing tools and extensions for NuPedia.[28] Later, unhappy with the existing software's limitations,[27] Manske developed one of the first versions of what later became MediaWiki.[28][29] His new version of the software was installed in 2002.[27]

The wiki software that was initially used for Wikipedia was called UseModWiki and was written in Perl. With issues of scale starting to present themselves as Wikipedia grew, in the summer of 2001, Manske started work on a replacement for UseModWiki, that would be database-backed and would contain "wikipedia-specific features."[18] On January 25, 2002, Manske released the first version of a MySQL-based PHP wiki engine, called Phase II.[20] One innovation implemented by Manske in Phase II was the use of namespaces in order to separate different types of pages, such as the "Talk" or "User" namespace, which distinguished it from older Wiki software which didn't have different namespaces.[18] Phase II also introduced a number of other features which are still present, including file upload, watchlists, automatic signatures, and user contributions list.[30][31] Manske's re-write also made it easier to integrate photographs in Wikipedia articles, and created a new user group: administrators empowered to delete pages and block vandals.[27][32]

Manske was an adherent of open source and specifically the GPL license, and his work on the early versions of MediaWiki was released under the GPL license.[33]

Manske's Phase II software encountered load issues as Wikipedia continued to grow, so Lee Daniel Crocker did another re-write, which led to phase III, which was used from June 2002 and from 2003 onwards was called "MediaWiki".[20] The resultant MediaWiki software is now used as the core platform for both Wikipedia and many Wikimedia sister projects, as well as in many organizations and institutions.

Manske continued to develop tools and extensions for MediaWiki, including tools to map category membership, compute category intersections, and import images from Flickr to Commons.[34][35] Manske also developed the Cite extension which brought an XML-like syntax to citation management.[36]

Riconoscimenti[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  • Jimmy Wales nel 2002 dichiarò il 25 gennaio "Giorno di Magnus Manske" in onore dei suoi contributi a Wikipedia, proclamando che "Questa sera a cena, ogni Wikipediano dedichi un brindisi a Magnus e alle sue molte invenzioni"[37][38]
  • Larry Sanger, in his memoir on the early history of Wikipedia, highlighted the contributions of Manske to the project and attributes the eventual success of Wikipedia to a core group of actors, with Manske playing an important role:

Wikipedia started with a handful of people, many from Nupedia. The influence of Nupedians was crucial early on. I think, especially, of the tireless Magnus Manske (who worked on the software for both projects), our resident stickler Ruth Ifcher, and the very smart poker-playing programmer Lee Daniel Crocker—to name a few...But the facts that the project started with these good people, and that we were able to adopt, explain, and promote good habits and policies to newer people, partly accounts for why the project was able to develop a robust, functional community and eventually to succeed.[39]

  • Manske and others were recognized by the USENIX Advanced Computing Technical Association with a STUG award (Software Tools User Group) in June 2010 for their contributions to the Wikipedia software. Manske was recognized as a major contributor to MediaWiki.[40]

Recognition[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Manske is recognized as the creator of the first article in the German Wikipedia, which was on the Polymerase chain reaction, first written by him in 2001.[41][42][43]

Jimmy Wales in 2002 named January 25 as Magnus Manske day in honor of his contributions to Wikipedia, proclaiming that "Tonight at dinner, every Wikipedian should say a toast to Magnus and his many inventions."[44] Larry Sanger, in his memoir on the early history of Wikipedia, highlighted the contributions of Manske to the project and attributes the eventual success of Wikipedia to a core group of actors, with Manske playing an important role:

Wikipedia started with a handful of people, many from Nupedia. The influence of Nupedians was crucial early on. I think, especially, of the tireless Magnus Manske (who worked on the software for both projects), our resident stickler Ruth Ifcher, and the very smart poker-playing programmer Lee Daniel Crocker—to name a few...Still, because the project started with these good people, and we were able to adopt, explain, and promote good habits and policies to newer people, the Nupedian roots of the project helped to develop a robust, functional and successful community.[45]

Manske, along with others, was recognized as a major contributor to MediaWiki by the USENIX Advanced Computing Technical Association in 2010, when MediaWiki and the Wikimedia Foundation were honoured with a STUG award (Software Tools User Group).[46]

Pubblicazioni selezionate[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

Bibliografia[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  • Robert Zeschke, WikiHooks - Eine protoypenhafte Webhook Extension für MediaWiki, p. 9, ISBN 978-3-640-96452-9.

Note[modifica | modifica wikitesto]

  1. ^ Citazioni di Manske su Google scholar
  2. ^ List of publications from the DBLP Bibliography Server
  3. ^ Template:AcademicSearch
  4. ^ Template:Scopus
  5. ^ DOI: 10.1261/rna.1200508
  6. ^ Template:Cita tesi
  7. ^ Magnus Manske, GENtle, su gentle.magnusmanske.de. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  8. ^ Alastair Kerr, Desktop Sequence Analysis: software review, su Bioinformatics Knowledge Blog, 21 giugno 2011. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  9. ^ a b (German) Claudia Lehnen, Der Wikipedia-Pionier aus Köln, February 2, 2008. URL consultato il June 22, 2013. Lingua sconosciuta: German (aiuto)
  10. ^ a b DOI: 10.1038/nature11174
  11. ^ DOI: 10.1101/gr.093443.109
  12. ^ DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp403
  13. ^ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023204
  14. ^ DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000941
  15. ^ Magnus Manske, su magnusmanske.de. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  16. ^ DNA Research; Putting parasites on the world map, Jun 26, 2012.
  17. ^ (EN) Jennifer Joline Anderson, Wikipedia: The Company and Its Founders, ABDO, 2011, p. 44, ISBN 9781617148125.
  18. ^ a b c d Sumana Harihareswara e Guillaume Paumier, MediaWiki, in The Architecture of Open Source Applications, Kristian Hermansen, 2012, ISBN 9781105571817. Errore nelle note: Tag <ref> non valido; il nome "Sumana" è stato definito più volte con contenuti diversi
  19. ^ Andrew Lih, The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia, Hyperion, 2009, ISBN 9781401303716.
  20. ^ a b c d Template:Cite article Errore nelle note: Tag <ref> non valido; il nome "Kumar" è stato definito più volte con contenuti diversi
  21. ^ Wikipedia:PHP script new features, su en.wikipedia.org, 27 gennaio 2002. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  22. ^ Magnus Manske, [Wikipedia-l] New features list, su lists.wikimedia.org, 27 gennaio 2002. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  23. ^ N. A. Polukarova, The concept of open editing from the copyright viewpoint, in Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics, vol. 41, n. 3, Allerton Press, Inc., June 2007, pp. 104-107, DOI:10.3103/S0005105507030053.
  24. ^ Magnus' toys'n'tools, su toolserver.org. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  25. ^ Magnus' tools on wmflabs, su tools.wmflabs.org. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  26. ^ Introducing new features to Wikipedia (PDF), Athens, Greece. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  27. ^ a b c d Kurt Jansson, Zehn Jahre Wikipedia – Der kurze Sommer der Anarchie, in Der Spiegel, 14 January 2011.
  28. ^ a b Jennifer Joline Anderson, Wikipedia: The Company and Its Founders, ABDO, 2011, p. 44, ISBN 9781617148125.
  29. ^ Torsten Kleinz, Neues Werkzeug soll Anfänger zur Wikipedia locken, in Die Zeit, 16 December 2012.
  30. ^ Wikipedia:PHP script new features, su en.wikipedia.org, 27 January 2002. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  31. ^ Magnus Manske, [Wikipedia-l] New features list, su lists.wikimedia.org, 27 January 2002. URL consultato il 4 June 2013.
  32. ^ Erik Möller, Das Wiki-Prinzip, Heise online, 9 May 2003.
  33. ^ N. A. Polukarova, The concept of open editing from the copyright viewpoint, in Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics, vol. 41, n. 3, Allerton Press, Inc., June 2007, pp. 104–107, DOI:10.3103/S0005105507030053.
  34. ^ Magnus' toys'n'tools, su toolserver.org. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  35. ^ Magnus' tools on wmflabs, su tools.wmflabs.org. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  36. ^ Introducing new features to Wikipedia (PDF), Athens, Greece, March 2009. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  37. ^ [Wikipedia-l] Celebration, su lists.wikimedia.org, 25 gennaio 2002. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  38. ^ Wikipedia:Magnus Manske Day, su en.wikipedia.org. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  39. ^ Larry Sanger, The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir, su features.slashdot.org, 18 aprile 2005. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  40. ^ STUG award, su usenix.org. URL consultato il 4 giugno 2013.
  41. ^ German Wikipedia reaches landmark millionth entry, 28 December 2009.
  42. ^ dpa/mos, Deutsche Wikipedia erreicht eine Million Einträge, in Die Zeit, 28 December 2009.
  43. ^ Achim Sawall, Deutschsprachige Wikipedia erreicht die Millionenmarke, golem.de, 28 December 2009.
  44. ^ [Wikipedia-l] Celebration, su lists.wikimedia.org, January 25, 2002. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.
  45. ^ Larry Sanger, The Early History of Nupedia and Wikipedia: A Memoir, in Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution, O'Reilly Media, 2008, p. 317, ISBN 9780596553890.
  46. ^ STUG award, su usenix.org. URL consultato il June 4, 2013.

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