Jawi: differenze tra le versioni
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==Introduction== |
==Introduction== |
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L'alfabeto Jawi è stato in esistenza per tanti seculi in [[Nusantara]] (the Malay world). Its development is linked with the arrival of [[Islam]]. It consists of mostly Arabic characters along with some extra characters unique to Jawi. |
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The Jawi alphabet is one of the earliest scripts used for writing Malay. Jawi has been in use since the era of [[Pasai Islam]], to the era of the [[Sultanate of Malacca]], [[Sultanate of Johor]] and also [[Acheh]] in the [[17th century]]. Evidence of this is found in the [[Terengganu Tablet]] (Batu Bersurat Terengganu), dated 1303 A.D. (702H by the [[Islamic Calendar]]), whereas the earliest use of the [[Roman alphabet]] is found near the end of the [[19th century]]. |
The Jawi alphabet is one of the earliest scripts used for writing Malay. Jawi has been in use since the era of [[Pasai Islam]], to the era of the [[Sultanate of Malacca]], [[Sultanate of Johor]] and also [[Acheh]] in the [[17th century]]. Evidence of this is found in the [[Terengganu Tablet]] (Batu Bersurat Terengganu), dated 1303 A.D. (702H by the [[Islamic Calendar]]), whereas the earliest use of the [[Roman alphabet]] is found near the end of the [[19th century]]. |
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[[nl:Yawi]] |
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[[ms:Tulisan Jawi]] |
[[ms:Tulisan Jawi]] |
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[[scn:Jawi]] |
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Versione delle 07:51, 11 apr 2005
Il jawi è un alfabeto derivato da quello arabo usato per scrivere la lingua malese tradizionale. Attualmente è usato come secondo alfabeto ufficiale in Brunei e in contesti limitati in Malesia, Singapore e Indonesia in particolare in ambienti religiosi islamici.
Introduction
L'alfabeto Jawi è stato in esistenza per tanti seculi in Nusantara (the Malay world). Its development is linked with the arrival of Islam. It consists of mostly Arabic characters along with some extra characters unique to Jawi. The Jawi alphabet is one of the earliest scripts used for writing Malay. Jawi has been in use since the era of Pasai Islam, to the era of the Sultanate of Malacca, Sultanate of Johor and also Acheh in the 17th century. Evidence of this is found in the Terengganu Tablet (Batu Bersurat Terengganu), dated 1303 A.D. (702H by the Islamic Calendar), whereas the earliest use of the Roman alphabet is found near the end of the 19th century.
Letters
| Character | Isolated | Initial | Medial | Final | Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ا | ﺍ | ﺎ | alif | ||
| ب | ﺏ | ﺑ | ﺒ | ﺐ | ba |
| ت | ﺕ | ﺗ | ﺘ | ﺖ | ta |
| ث | ﺙ | ﺛ | ﺜ | ﺚ | tha |
| ج | ﺝ | ﺟ | ﺠ | ﺞ | jim |
| ح | ﺡ | ﺣ | ﺤ | ﺢ | ha |
| چ | ﭺ | ﭼ | ﭽ | ﭻ | cha |
| خ | ﺥ | ﺧ | ﺨ | ﺦ | kha |
| د | ﺩ | ﺪ | dal | ||
| ذ | ﺫ | ﺬ | dzal | ||
| ر | ﺭ | ﺮ | ra | ||
| ز | ﺯ | ﺰ | zai | ||
| س | ﺱ | ﺳ | ﺴ | ﺲ | sin |
| ش | ﺵ | ﺷ | ﺸ | ﺶ | shin |
| ص | ﺹ | ﺻ | ﺼ | ﺺ | sad |
| ض | ﺽ | ﺿ | ﻀ | ﺾ | dhad |
| ط | ﻁ | ﻃ | ﻄ | ﻂ | tho |
| ظ | ﻅ | ﻇ | ﻈ | ﻆ | dzo |
| ع | ﻉ | ﻋ | ﻌ | ﻊ | ain |
| غ | ﻍ | ﻏ | ﻐ | ﻎ | ghain |
| ڠ | nga | ||||
| ف | ﻑ | ﻓ | ﻔ | ﻒ | fa |
| ڤ | ﭪ | ﭬ | ﭭ | ﭫ | pa |
| ق | ﻕ | ﻗ | ﻘ | ﻖ | qaf |
| ك | ﻙ | ﻛ | ﻜ | ﻚ | kaf |
| ڬ | gaf | ||||
| ل | ﻝ | ﻟ | ﻠ | ﻞ | lam |
| م | ﻡ | ﻣ | ﻤ | ﻢ | mim |
| ن | ﻥ | ﻧ | ﻨ | ﻦ | nun |
| و | ﻭ | ﻮ | wau | ||
| ۏ | va | ||||
| ه | ﻩ | ﻫ | ﻬ | ﻪ | ha |
| ي | ﻱ | ﻳ | ﻴ | ﻲ | ya |
| ڽ | nya | ||||
Further Reading
- H.S. Paterson (& C.O. Blagden), 'An early Malay Inscription from 14th-century Trengganu', Journ. Mal. Br.R.A.S., II, 1924, pp. 258-263.
- R.O. Winstedt, A History of Malaya, revised ed. 1962, p. 40.
- J.G. de Casparis, Indonesian Paleography, 1975, p. 70-71.