Utente:Sebastian60/Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem

Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem

Translation in English from the site in Spanish

Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem
*World Confederation* Knights of Cyprus, Rhodes, Malta, Saint Peterburg
Flag of S.O.S.J.J. in the headquarters of the Grand Master
- MILITARY - (FLAG of S.O.S.J.J.) - HOSPITALLER -
Sovrano Ordine di San Giovanni di Gerusalemme
Motto	“Pro Fidei et Pro Obsequium Hominum”
Status	Activ
Grand Master	S.A.S. Cesare S.F.G. Fussone
Founder	Frà Gerardo Sasso
Institution	Jerusalem, 15.2.1113
Locations Order	New York, Malta, and, Roma (Pubb. Rel.)
Ordinamento	Legal Personality of International Law
International position	Admission UUN (june 2016)
Acronym	S.O.S.J.J.
Honor
Able equated	Knight, Dama
Heraldic coat of arms S.O.S.J.J.
Tape Order

Introduction

Legend traces the origin of the Order of Hospitaller Knights of St. John of Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabees, and Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, would be one of the masters. The historical data lead us, however, in Jerusalem during the years 1020-1025, probably in 1023, when a group of merchants and navigators of the Maritime Republic of Amalfi who traded with the East, asked and obtained, from the Fatimid caliphs, some land and they built a small neighborhood with the church (dedicated to St. Maria Latina, whose cult was officiated by the Benedictines) and a hospice dedicated to St. John the Baptist (on the ruins of the Monastery with the church dedicated to St. John the Merciful) to accommodate the pilgrims in the Holy Land. In the early 1070, the brothers became monks warriors to defend the pilgrims who visited the holy places, harassed by robbers, formed an hospitaller Brotherhood, ruled by Fra 'Gerardo Sasso, whose brothers wore the dress and black coat on whose left shoulder put the white eight-pointed cross. They led a monastic life following the rules of Saint Augustine which is still based on the statute. After the First Crusade and the liberation of Jerusalem by the Christians, with the help also of the Order, this was recognized Independent by the 'Pope Paschal II' on August 15, 1113 with the papal bull "Pie postulatio voluntatis" and assumed the name of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, with authorization to receive donations and to build hospices. Next to the religious character of the Order, however, was the need to also become military to repel the Muslims. In 1121 the Grand Master Raymond de Puy of Jerusalem had set the class of the "Knights Christians" in defense of the Holy Land, the fratres milites which could be attributed only nobles, assisted by fratres warriors. In the same period other knights of the Christian faith were monks establishing orders of the places to be defended; then the Order of the Templars for the custody of the Temple, that of the Holy Sepulchre for the custody of the Tomb of Christ and of the relevant sites. Only later it was founded the Order of the Teutonic Knights. The History then of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem is one that we commonly read in all historical books and encyclopedias to the (1798); In fact it is only from this date that the "languages" and the various "nationalities" of the Knights, left the island of Malta by Napoleon, determined the different fates and then allowed the various differentiations that, even today, are present within those who had or would have had "inherited rights" and "historical continuity" to boast of such origins! However, history teaches us that the Order continued its existence in Russia (1798), where more than 400 Knights and Dignitaries members of the Board of the Master's time, exiled from Malta and bowing under the protection of Tsar Paul I, after the dismissal -abdication of Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, regularly elected precisely the Tsar as Grand Master of the Order, with the members of the Grand Priory of Russia and the delegates of the main Priories of Europe and with the tacit blessing of the Pope, Pius VI, virtually in Napoleon's hand.

Period in the Russia of the tzars

In 1798 the Knights of the Sovereign Order left the island of Malta as a result of Napoleon's occupation, and a large number of the Sacred Council members with the leading dignitaries and over 400 Knights, went to St. Petersburg to the Court of Tsar Paul I , which asked for help in order to regain possession of the island and have a Grand Master coped precisely Napoleon. The tsar, who had received two letters in his own hand by Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, with which abdicated in favor of Paul I, he accepted the demands of the exiled Knights from Malta. Consequently it was regularly met on the Magistral Council who, with members of the Grand Priory of Russia and the delegates of the Priory of Europe, chose precisely the Tsar Paul I of Russia as a Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in St. Petersburg on November 13, 1798

                    FOTO   Tsar Paul I as Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in St. Petersburg

On November 29, 1798 Paul I released the official decree by which the order was placed in the honors system of the Romanov, establishing the regulations for the achievement by the Russian nobles. Clearly the Pope Pius VI (born Giovanni Angelo Braschi) blessed all these facts, despite the tsar was the Christian-Orthodox faith; In fact, the Holy Father at that time was located in the Monastery of Cassini, near Florence, in the hands of Bonaparte. However the hope nurtured by the more than 400 riders and dignitaries who went to Russia to find right solutions to the problems derived from the island's lost of the Order of Malta, looked like it could finally be reached. The biggest result of the Tsar Paul I as Grand Master of the Order was to seek, in the Order, a small "religious unification in ecumenical key" of the Orthodox Knights with those Catholics; to this purpose, in fact, built the Maltese Chapel of the Catholic faith in front of the Orthodox Church, in the site of St. Petersburg (Palace Voroncov, named of Malta) so that the Knights of Malta of that time, they fulfilled their religious practices. Unfortunately, the tsar was murdered a few years later, before Paolo I could effectively determine the policy of the Sovereign Order. Alexander I of Russia succeeded his father upon his death, he appointed Nikolaj Ivanovic Saltykov, already Russian prime minister, whom Lieutenant, while he himself remained only the patron of the Sovereign Order, giving up to be the Grand Master for religious reasons. In 1810 he confirmed for himself and for the Romanov Family the right of patronage on the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, remained then in the Orthodox faith, was later abolished only in the year 1917 as a result of the revolutionary movements of that period culminating in the Bolshevik revolution , in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II, by his family and many Russian nobles.

Historical continuity until 1917

After the death of Paul I, the last Grand Master recognized by the great powers and its Priories, the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, firmly taken root in St. Petersburg, he continued his story for the protection of Tsar Alexander I of Russia . The same Tsar in 1801 in conjunction with the Great Chancellor of the Order "Magnus Cancellarius Comes de Phalen", which was declared simultaneously:
"Wanting to give the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, a testimony of OUR affection, and OUR special benevolence, WE declare that WE TAKE  under OUR IMPERIAL protection and that all will be making OUR care, honors, privileges and property. In this project WE order OUR Feld-Maréchal Général matchmaker Count Nicolas Soltykoff to continue to exercise the functions and the  authority of Grand Master 's Lieutenant of that Sovereign Order, and convene a session of the Sacred Council to let people know that OUR plan is that this IMPERIAL residence is still considered as the Cape-Place of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, until circumstances allow  to give a Grand Master, according to its statutes and its ancient forms. »

Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Federica of Baden After that declaration are present the following numerous testimonies concerning the" Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem "for the period of the" Knights of Malta "in St. Petersburg: 1) in 1806, the King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden offers to the Sovereign Order the island of Gottland. 2) In the authoritative works of Jhon Debrett entitled "Debrett's Peerage", for the years 1807.1817, 1819 and 1825, is the list of people who received a knighthood and recognizes the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, under the protection of the Tsar of Russia, as the sole heir of the Knights of the Order of Malta who had left the island by Napoleon in 1798. 3) Perrot writes in his book "Historical Collections of civil and military Orders": "In our day, the Order is under the protection of the Russian Empire, and is ruled by a lieutenant assisted by a council of state. [1]. » 4) In 1822, Austria provides the Order, having its headquarters always in Russia, the island in the Kvarner or the island of Elba, in exchange for receiving the title of Grand Master for the emperor of Habsourg .

5) In 1823, the Greek government offers to the Order the island of Rhodes, on condition that the Knights  join them against Turkey.

6) In 1831, the famous English writer William Sutherland dedicates his book "The Achievements of the Knights of Malta" in this way:

"To His Imperial Majesty Nicholas I (1825-1855), Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, under the which the immediate predecessors of the Knights of Malta  find refuge, when all other monarchs in Christianity refuse the asylum, and it is he who nevertheless gives him His protection and allows the standard of this old and distinguished order of still floating , I humbly dedicate this work as an author. [2]. "

7) In 1834, C. de Magy, in his book" Historical Collection of the Orders of the Knights "shows clearly that the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (in the English translation" Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem ", with acronym SOSJJ) is operational and is based in St. Petersburg. 8) In 1848, the National Library of Belgium, Loumyer says the same statement of what later will be present in "Burke's Peerage". 9) In 1858, the "Burke's Peerage" authoritarian states in its publication "The Book of Knightood and Decorations of Honour", published in England: "Reference to the Order of St. John-Russia: The two great priories Russians, have kept the 'ancient constitution of the Order, under the Emperor's protection which is at the head. The Grand Priory of Poland, established in 1776, had long been linked to the British and to Bavaria, which were composed of 20 commanderies. Today is joined to the Priory of Russia, which in turn is divided into two great priories that

are made up of Catholics and Orthodox Russian Knights. These last count 98 commanderies, whereas before they had 393 and 32 knights of the great cross. [3]. "

10) In 1897, quotes the" Encyclopedic Dictionary of the orders of the Knights "and" Malta in the past and today "by M. L. the Biere, in which reference is made to the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem that exists and works in Russia (St. Petersburg). 11) In 1915, Robert R. McCormick, in his book entitled "Whit the Russian Army" (The Macmillan Company, New York), Chapter X, with the "Guard Corps" writes as follows:

"The soldiers of the Imperial Guard are the elected of the whole Russian Empire. Most of them have attended the school of the "Body of the Pages" which are the students of the Knights of Malta. Admission to this school of elite is restricted: 1) to the children of the Knights of Malta, 2) to the sons of generals and general lieutenants, 3) to the children of families whose titles of nobility dating back more than 100 years. [4]. "

Nicholas II in the days following the abdication, in March 1917

12) Maurice Palaeologus, French Ambassador in St. Petersburg, during the last years of the reign of the tsar, cites in his three volumes entitled" The Tsarist Russia during the Great War " (published in Paris in 1921 to 1922) of the functions that were held in the priory church of Malta of the Corps of the Paggi of the Imperial Court who assisted at all the ambassadors and ministers of the European Christians States on Holy Thursday, April 1 and Friday, April 2 1915 as well as the Holy Thursday, April 2, 1916 ".

13) In March 1917, the revolution broke out in Russia and the Duma actually assumes power on March 11, 1917. On March 15, 1917 the Czar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates. 14) Maurice Palaeologus wrote: "Easter Sunday, April 15, 1917:" We went to the Orthodox Church; the Imperial Family was under house arrest and had no the Priory of Malta function. [5]. " ' The Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, continued his life as heir to the" Sacred Council [Master] "exists in Malta in in 1798 and from this island, a large part of its members with more than 400 Knights and dignitaries, continued the story in exile in St Petersburg, despite the Treaty of Amiens (25 March 1802) resulted in the return of the island of Malta to the Knights.

Alexander I of Russia in a painting of 1825.

Other different, albeit noble, need want to marry the cause of the Order replenishment and demand the abolition of the Sovereign Order of St. John, by the Tsar, Alexander I of Russia; but, as we have amply demonstrated, everything is not absolutely correct. Finally, an article quite recent, it would explain the "alleged suppression of the Sovereign Order", by Alexander I, with that reported here: "Paris, France, in 1955, the Baron Taube, in his book entitled" l 'Emperor Paul I of Russia, Grand Master of the Order of Malta and its Russian Grand priory of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem ", writes the following historical fact:

" Equally false is the widespread lie about it, in Russia , which recounts the alleged suppression of the great priory of Russia by Alexander the First in 1817. This is easily explained by the fact that, precisely at this time, the emperor forbade receiving the insignia of the Order of Italy and their transport in Russia without an authorization of the Tsar, because the signs were already present in St. Petersburg and the Signs of the Traitor and fallen Von Hompesch were not worth anything. This measure, however, was not so much taken by Tsar Alexander the First, but rather by the Cabinet of Ministers and at the request of the military commanders of three young military officers Lazaroff, who had received from Italy, the Crosses of Malta and were suspected of having received thanks to important sums paid to the great teaching case. [6]. »

Historical continuity in the United States of America

Towards the late 1800s, early 1900s, many noble Russians began to travel to the Americas, so, invited in the salons of high society of large cities, these were integrated with other notables and nobles from all over the world, thereby also helping to reorganize and give honor to the Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of America, formed in 1794, left with few members. In 1917, then after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, at the time of greatest danger, most of the nobility began to exile to America, continuing to integrate with the society and the countrymen who preceded them. The fate of the Order in the United States of America saw mixed fortunes, in Pennsylvania, Michigan, Washington, Texas, Miami [7] and other places in practice was merged with the remnants of the Grand Priory of Russia the Grand Priory of the Sovereign Order Americas. For about 40 years in the US at the helm of the Knights they had several characters places: nobles, soldiers, politicians and others, and was formed the Union of autonomous Priories of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem. That was Certificated by different documents from the United States of America, and international judgments, (first of all the Civil Court of St. Petersburg, [8] but not least the Italian Judiciary) [9] which HRH, Prince Nicholas, Ligny-Luxembourg de Lascaris Ventimiglia, of the ancient Dynasty Ardennes-Lorraine, the Hereditary Commandery of Svernik-Starolessve and that of Beon-Toulouse, descending heir entitled and former protector of the Order, was later elevated to the title of HEH Grand Master of the Grand Council, in chivalrous Synod of the Union of Autonomous Priories of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, on February 6, 1954. Subsequently, February 22, 1966, Prince Nicholas, for health reasons also due to ' age, decreed with the Masterful Council the help of a Lieutenant-Governor, then appointing HE Count Michele Pietro Paolo De Valitch for this office. These, accepting the position, swore allegiance to the Grand Master and Protector, HRH. and HEH., Prince Nicholas de Ligny-Luxembourg Lascaris Ventimiglia, of Ardennes-Lorraine. In 1968, HE. Count De Valitch, he took the priestly vows with the name of Lorenzo, thus completing the dream of his life and the spiritual journey started in adolescence, in a French Seminary.

HE Mons. Lorenzo De Valitch On August 18, 1977, HE. Count De Valitch, signed the transfer and the establishment of the Masterful Office of the Federation of Autonomous Priories (since amended) of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, in the City of New York, (Act of the First Judicial District, the Supreme Court State of New York, which was approved by the Hon. Alfred M, Ascione, Judge, President of the Court). From 1982 to 1985 he entertained an intense exchange of correspondence with HH. Hans Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, former Grand Master of the Sovereign Order of the Knights of the Southern Earth (also known as "knights of the ice" since 1809), in order to obtain protection for the Sovereign Order of HIH. The Tsar exiled ,Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich Romanov of Russia. In those years ('84 -'87), thanks to its highly placed political friends, it was offered, for the (Federation of Autonomus Priorate) Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, the status of observer member to the UN, proposed he did not consider it to accept because he thought that he was entitled to the legal status of "full member" as a result of the Treaty of Amiens (1802). Since his death, he is having not recognized the Dignitaries and the Knights of the European States and the Russians a new guide that was self proclaimed in the City of Albany (New York), the activity of the Order, for over 12 years and for around 14000 members, was led by Lieutenants and the spiritual assistants.

Order legal position in Europe

So with the judgment of 17 December 1899, the Civil Court of St. Petersburg had recognized the right of the Hereditary Commandery of Svernik-Starolessve of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, of Malta, in the persons of the descendants of the House Ligny-Luxembourg. Subsequently, in 1911 in Paris, it was reiterated and confirmed that judgment with appropriate documents filed in State archives. The recognition in Italy (after the R.D. Of His Majesty, HRH Vittorio Emanuele III of Savoia, King of Italy , on January 27, 1943 and the “Albertine Statute” ), as legal personality of the international right, he had been given also under the art. 11 n. 2 of the Treaty of Friendship, Business and Navigation, between the Italian Republic and the United States of America, signed on February 2, 1948, then ratified in Italy with Law no. 385 of 18 June 1949. By judgment No 81/1955, the Italian Judiciary, was nitely established the Order's position, its historical continuity from 1113, as well as of their rights at the international level. In The Federation of the Autonomous Priories of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta, supported by S.E. Msgr. Lorenzo Michel Comte Pierre de Valitch, came together and built several independent Priory of Knights and Dames; and in particular it is documented that, from 22 December 1988 until 7 April 1992, were subscribed, authorized and conferred (with stamps and Decrees of the Governor in New York, Austria, Italy, France and Malta), Chivalric Degrees and Dignity of the aforementioned Federation many notables, politicians, economists, writers, scientists, of Europe and Russia. The activities, for over 15 years, in Europe and the States of the former Soviet Union, was led by Lieutenant General and by the Spiritual Assistants. In addition it was also confirmed by the Civil Court of Palermo (Italy), in a judgment of 30/05/1994, the "Legal Personality of International Law", of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, in the historical continuity here in reported.

The Order in the twenty-first century

Following the admission to a health institution of Albany HEH De Valitch, about 7000 Knights and European and Russian dignitaries, entitled, did not recognize the advanced inheritance claims from "Don Lorenzo OSB", which, on January 22, 1994, in the city of Naxxar (Malta),  in the presence of fifty religious and Knights joint with him from the US, it was still self-appointed Governor and Grand Master of the Order. The reasons determinants of the contention was the following:

1. The confirmation subscription of letters patent in 1966 by Count De Valitch with Grand Master HRHI. and E, Prince Nicholas de Ligny-Luxembourg Lascaris Ventimiglia ancient Dynasty Ardennes-Lorraine, was carried out in the context of the "synod" of the Knights of the Order, in the presence of the complete Masterful Council, which confirmed every decision (so , according to the old rules, the Synod duly constituted and convened;

2. HE Count De Valitch, at the time was not yet a religious and had every right to be appointed, according to the old rules;
3. No Chivalrous Synod was organized in 1994, not any summons had been sent to the European knights and Russian, (by far outnumbered the Americans), and not been invited to join the others Brethen.

Therefore, for the "non-recognition" of the claims of " Don Lorenzo OSB ", the Knights maintained their status, their insignia, the same structure and the same organization headed lieutenants in place. After a few years, died in 2005 also" Don Lorenzo OSB ", Lieutenant General in office , seriously ill, he could no longer carry on the heavy work of the Order, for which he was called a round table of dignitaries, (Bailiff of embassy, Priori, etc,), awarded directly by the Grand Master Governor, [10], the 'Archbishop Patriarch Michel Pierre Conte Lorenzo de Valitch in the years 1985-1991, which was held in Rome on 28 January 2009. On that occasion was Deputy Lieutenant-Chancellor, Grand Bailiff of the embassy FEDAP-SOSJJ, to organize the synod equestrian who would elect the Grand Master. At the Synod of Peace, held in Malta from 30/05 to 02/06/2009, present the Masterful Council and delegates of the priories, and balivati commanderie of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, together with the nobles, diplomats, political, riders of other Orders, delegates of the Grand Council of Damascus and many other invited guests, the Autonomous Federation of Autonomous Priories, Exarchate of Europe and Russia, confirmed at the helm of the order HSH Cesare S.F.G. Fussone, elevating him to the rank of Great Master. On October 23, 2009, HEH. Grand Master has approved in the State of New York, the resolution passed in the "Synod of Peace" of Malta, with the consequent approval and legal recognition (signed by the Department of New York State, the city of Albany, in the person of Daniel E. Shapiro, First Secretary of State) the "Exarchate of Europe and Russia, FEDAP-SOSJJ (Knights of Malta), with the incorporation of other Orders Hospitallers.

Work of the Synod of Incorporation of 6 to 8 October 2012, in Rodi.

On 8 August 2012, the Grand Master informed the General Secretary of the United Nations (in its quality), the desire to "revisit" the Treaty of Amiens (1802) informing of what other Orders Hospitallers, Priories, Balivati, and third parties with letters and publications, including via the Internet, inviting all stakeholders to work. To the next synod of incorporation"(Rhodes 6 to 7 October 2012), the participants, confirming each activity carried out in previous years, it resulted in the return of the Order to his own real name, meaning" Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem "(in language English: "Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem", by inserting the words: * World Confederation * for further membership in during other 8 Orders Giovanniti and completing the name with the places of the Knights history: Cyprus, Rhodes, Malta and St. Petersburg. [11] to mark the occasion of the nine-hundredth anniversary of the Sovereignty and Independence of the order (1113-2013), HSH received the donation of the former island of en: Burke Island, now renamed Island of New Malta and elevated , politically, in Principality, in honor of the Knights. So on February 15, 2013, exactly 900 years after the Papal Stamp of Pope Paschal II, the Great Teacher, signed the Declaration of Independence of the Principality of New Malta. The ruling of 2013, [12] has determined and declared "that the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem" World Confederation "," [...] is subject of an independent international law, all the same to a foreign state, and owner full and exclusive of the Principality of New Malta (formerly Burke Island, existing at coordinates: 73 ° 07'S, 105 ° 06 'W). "On 26 November 2013, the Secretary General of the United Nations, S.E. Ban Ki-moon, in your capacity, received the Affidavit concerning the Principality of New Malta. That notification of the Sovereign Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, in the year of the 900th anniversary of the Stamp of Pope Paschal II, indicates that the Sovereign Order, legally and to the effects of international standards, is recognized as a State with its people, territory and government. Confirmed the sentence in 2015, in 2016 the S.O.S.J.J. was included in the organization of the United Nations not Represented (UUN).

External links

• (EN) The rule of St. Benedict, christdesert.org. • (EN) The rule of St. Augustine, geocities.com. (Filed by the url the original) . Notes 1. ^ Historical Collections of Civil and military Orders 2. ^ The Achievements of the Knights of Malta 3. ^ The Book of Knightood and Decorations of Honour 4.^ Whit the Russian Army 5. ^ The Tsarist Russia during the Great War. 6. ^ The Emperor Paul I of Russia, Grand Master of the Order of Malta and its Russian Grand Priory of the Order of St. John of Gerusalemme 7.^ These survey include the following districts: Pennsylvania (USA) - Doc. No. 4602, 11/07/1946; With gressional-Record (USA) - Vol. 110 No. 42 of 09.03.1964; Pentagon (USA) - Doc. AGPB-ACY of 09.01.1967; Michigan (USA) - Doc. No. 78/10254 of 06.12.1978; Washington (USA) - Doc. No. 1162 and No. 1163 of 09.25.1980; Royal Recognition (Netherlands) - Doc. No. DKP / DE-158 493 of 21.03.1989; Recognizione of Subject with Legal Personality of International Law: Court of Palermo, Sicily of 05.30.1994; Quin-of several other awards, and in France in the year 1993. 8.^ Recognition by the Civil Court of St. Petersburg, judgment of 17.12.1899. 9. ^ Survey of the Italian Judiciary Local Court in Sant'Agata di Puglia, Sent. No. 81 / 1955. 10.^ Historical honors: in 1607, the Grand Master of the Sovereign Order Of St John of Jerusalem, was given the status of Reichsfürst (Prince of the Holy Roman Empire), and in 1630 he was also awarded an ecclesiastical position equal to that of a cardinal, with the only hybrid title of His Most Eminent Highness, reflecting both qualities that qualify it as a true prince of the Church. So, it is in practice after 1571, with participation in the great battle of Lepanto the Order, which the Grand Master-competes the title of Prince with the suffix HEH (His Most Eminent Highness), for the high-value expres I know on the battlefields in defense of Christianity. 11.^ Reg .: N.Y.S. Dep. of State, Albany, New York, n.:12231-0001 of 29 November 2012. 12.^ Sent. n. 03/2013 R. G. pronounced on 10 June 2013, rendered executive and approved by the President of the XII-Civil Section of the Ordinary Court of Naples, the decree of 10 March 2014, n.1317 / 2014 VG • Art. 80 "Albertine Statute" • Cardinals Tribunal, judgment of 24 January 1953 published in the Official Journal of the Vatican "Acta Apostolicae chair" No. 15 of November 30, 1953 • Dr. MARIO COSTARELLA (Foro It. 1954, IV, 239), "An interesting document of 1792 on the Sovereign Military Statutes order of Malta ", reproduced from a study of PA On AVACK "The legal status of the Order of Malta on the basis of the recent papal judged and its consequences in the field of law." • see. HOLY ROMAN, Constitutional Law, Padua, Cedam, 1932;

• see. PETER CHIMENTI, Constitutional Law, Turin, U.T.E.T., 1933;

• see. Orestes RANNELLETTI, Public Law, Padua, Cedam, 1934;

• see. VINCENZO CORSINO, The Jurisdiction, Milan, Giuffrè, 1936;

References TITRES ANCIENS CONCERNANT La Maison de LUXEMBOURG, Paris, 1617; The ARBRE GENEALOGIQUE de la CLAWS de FLANDRES 1683; CODEX BALDUIN; Friar Antonio Micallef, "Lectures on the Statutes of Sagr'Ordine of Jerusalem", University of Malta in 1792 Studies RENN, Das erste von Grafenhaus Luxembourg; LA LEGENDE de MILUSINE et la MAISON de LUXEMBOURG; LEFORT A., La Maison Souveraine de Luxembourg, Reims, 1902; Joseph Delaville The Roulx, Les Hospitaliers en Terre Sainte et à Chypre, 1100-1310, Paris 1904. ISBN 1-4212-0843-1 KAUDAKOV, La dernière branche de la Dynastie de Luxembourg, Prague, 1915; BARON M. KOSSINSKI, Les comtes de Luxembourg, Paris, 1939. Elémire Turf, Mystics, Garzanti, Milan 1963 Linage Antonio Conde, Monastic life in the military orders, Mondadori, Milan 1964 Georges Bordonove, The Burning of the Templars, Sugar, Milan 1969 Franco Cardini, The Crusades between myth and reality, Editions Nova Civitas, 1972 Paul Lopane, The Order of Jerusalem in the 'Land of Olives', in Melitensi Studies, XVIII, 2010, pp. 107-120. Paul Alphandery, Christianity and the idea of crusade, Il Mulino, Bologna 1974 Helen Nicholson, Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic, Blackwell 1974 Alberto Cesare Ambesi, The Rosicrucians, Armenia Editions, 1975 Aldo A. Mola, History of Italian Freemasonry, Bompiani, Milano 1976 Anthony Luttrell, The Hospitallers in Cyprus, Rhodes and Greece, Saim, 1980 George Tate, L'Orient des Croisades, Gallimard, Paris 1991 Claude Petiet, Ces messieurs de la Religion. The Ordre de Malte au XVIIIe siècle ou le crépuscule d'une epics, Paris 1992. David G. Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon, R.C.S. Books, Milano 1998. ISBN 88-17-11577-0 Claude Petiet, Le Roi et le Grand Maître. The Ordre de Malte et la France au XVIIe siècle, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-84272-147-0. Alain Demurger, Chevaliers du Christ, ordres religieux-les militaires au Moyen Age, Paris 2002. ISBN 2-02-049888-X (ed. It. The knights of Christ: the religious-military orders of the Middle Ages (XI-XVI century) , Garzanti, Milano, 2004. ISBN 88-11-69286-5) Bertrand Galimard Flavigny, Histoire de l'Ordre de Malte, Perrin, Paris, 2006. ISBN 2-262-02115-5 Christian Roccati, The Hospitallers and the war in the Middle Ages, The Circle, Rimini, 2007. ISBN 88-8474-149-1

External links

• Knights Hospitaller
• Knights Templar
• Priory Gerosolimitano
• Krak des Chevaliers
• Order of St. John of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg
• military order
• Grand Masters of Malta
• Grand Masters of Rhodes
• Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
• Order of St. John of Jerusalem (Russia)
• Monastic State of the Knights of Malta
• Monastic State of the Knights of Rhodes

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