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Loretta_young_studio_portrait.jpg(363 × 435 pixel, dimensione del file: 112 KB, tipo MIME: image/jpeg)

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Descrizione Studio publicity portrait of actress Loretta Young
Data anni '40 del XX sec.
date QS:P,+1940-00-00T00:00:00Z/8
Fonte http://www.handjiveuk.com/images/loretta%20young.jpg. Clear from the stock number in the corner that this is a studio publicity image (no copyright mark given).
Autore SconosciutoUnknown author
Licenza
(Riusare questo file)

This is a publicity still taken to promote a film or film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]


Public domain
Quest'opera è nel pubblico dominio in quanto pubblicata negli Stati uniti tra il 1929 e il 1963 con un avviso di copyright, ma il copyright non è stato poi rinnovato. A meno che l'autore non sia deceduto da diversi anni, è protetta da copyright nei Paesi o nelle aree in cui non si applica la regola della durata più breve per le opere statunitensi, come Canada (70 pma), Cina (50 pma, non Hong Kong o Macao), Germania (70 pma), Messico (100 pma), Svizzera (70 pma) e altri Paesi con trattati individuali. Vedi Commons:Hirtle chart per ulteriori approfondimenti.

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Data/OraMiniaturaDimensioniUtenteCommento
attuale20:05, 8 nov 2015Miniatura della versione delle 20:05, 8 nov 2015363 × 435 (112 KB)ExmakReverted to version as of 23:57, 30 December 2011 (UTC)
20:00, 8 nov 2015Miniatura della versione delle 20:00, 8 nov 2015535 × 560 (123 KB)ديفيد عادل وهبة خليل 2Rotate 31°
01:57, 31 dic 2011Miniatura della versione delle 01:57, 31 dic 2011363 × 435 (112 KB)Loeba{{Information |Description=Studio publicity portrait of actress Loretta Young |Source=http://www.handjiveuk.com/images/loretta%20young.jpg. Clear from the stock number in the corner that this is a studio publicity image (no copyright mark given). |Date=19

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