Glenn Theodore Seaborg: differenze tra le versioni

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Glenn Theodore Seaborg (Ishpeming, 19 aprile 1912 – Lafayette, 15 febbraio 1999) è stato un chimico statunitense. Ha scoperto, con i suoi collaboratori, dieci nuovi elementi chimici ottenuti artificialmente mediante radiazioni nucleari e detti elementi transuranici, perché aventi numeri atomici superiori a quello dell'uranio (n. 92).

Nel 1940, con il fisico Edwin McMillan, sintetizzò ed isolò il plutonio (n. 94). Continuando le ricerche, Seaborg sintetizzò ed isolò con metodi radiochimici

nel 1944 l'americio (n. 95) ed il curio (n. 96),
nel 1949 il berkelio (n. 97) ed il californio (n. 98),
nel 1953 l'einstenio (n. 99) ed il fermio (n. 100).

Per opera di altri ricercatori fu poi la volta del mendelevio (n. 101), del nobelio (n. 102), del laurenzio (n. 103), del rutherfordio (n. 104).

Degli elementi transuranici, che sono tutti prodotti artificialmente, solo il plutonio è stato preparato su larga scala (per bombe atomiche e reattori nucleari), mentre di alcuni altri sono state ottenute quantità appena pesabili e di altri qualche milione di atomi. Inoltre, molti elementi transuranici si disintegrano in tempi brevissimi.

Nel 1951 divise con il suo collaboratore McMillan il premio Nobel per la Chimica per la scoperta dei primi 5 elementi transuranici e fu poi nominato Presidente della Commissione per l'energia atomica. È da molti considerato il fondatore della moderna chimica nucleare.

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(EN) Biografia di Glenn T. Seaborg sul sito ufficiale del Premio Nobel

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka, Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart, Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold, George Pieczenik Smith, Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna (2020) • David MacMillan, Benjamin List (2021) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless (2022) • Moungi Bawendi, Aleksej Ekimov, Louis Brus

V · D · M

Vincitori della Medaglia Priestley (ACS)

Ira Remsen (1923) • Edgar Fahs Smith (1926) • Francis P. Garvan (1929) • Charles Lathrop Parsons (1932) • William A. Noyes (1935) Marston T. Bogert (1938) • Thomas Midgley (1941) • James Bryant Conant (1944) • Ian Morris Heilbron (1945) • Roger Adams (1946) • Warren K. Lewis (1947) • Edward R. Weidlein (1948) • Arthur B. Lamb (1949) • Charles August Kraus (1950) • Evan J. Crane (1951) • Samuel C. Lind (1952) • Robert Robinson (1953) • W. Albert Noyes, Jr. (1954) • Charles A. Thomas (1955) • Carl S. Marvel (1956) • Farrington Daniels (1957) • Ernest H. Volwiler (1958) • Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1959) • Wallace Reed Brode (1960) • Louis Plack Hammett (1961) • Joel Henry Hildebrand (1962) • Peter Debye (1963) • John C. Bailar Jr. (1964) • William J. Sparks (1965) • William O. Baker (1966) • Ralph Connor (1967) • William G. Young (1968) • Kenneth S. Pitzer (1969) • Max Tishler (1970) • Frederick Rossini (1971) • George B. Kistiakowsky (1972) • Harold Urey (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • Henry Eyring (1975) • George S. Hammond (1976) • Henry Gilman (1977) • Melvin Calvin (1978) • Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1979) • Milton Harris (1980) • Herbert Brown (1981) • Bryce Crawford, Jr. (1982) • Robert Mulliken (1983) • Linus Pauling (1984) • Henry Taube (1985) • Karl August Folkers (1986) • John D. Roberts (1987) • Frank H. Westheimer (1988) • George C. Pimentel (1989) • Roald Hoffmann (1990) • Harry B. Gray (1991) • Carl Djerassi (1992) • Robert W. Parry (1993) • Howard E. Simmons (1994) • Derek Harold Richard Barton (1995) • Ernest L. Eliel (1996) • Mary L. Good (1997) • Frank Albert Cotton (1998) • Ronald Breslow (1999) • Darleane C. Hoffman (2000) • Fred Basolo (2001) • Allen Bard (2002) • Edwin J. Vandenberg (2003) • Elias J. Corey (2004) • George A. Olah (2005) • Paul S. Anderson (2006) • George M. Whitesides (2007) • Gábor Arpad Somorjai (2008) • Frederick Hawthorne (2009) • Richard Zare (2010) • Ahmed H. Zewail (2011) • Robert S. Langer (2012) • Peter J. Stang (2013) • Stephen J. Lippard (2014) • Jacqueline Barton (2015) • Mostafa El-Sayed (2016) • Tobin J. Marks (2017) • Geraldine L. Richmond (2018) • Barry Sharpless (2019)

V · D · M

Vincitori della National Medal of Science per la chimica

Roger Adams (1964) · Frank Albert Cotton, Gilbert Stork (1982) · Roald Hoffmann, George C. Pimentel, Richard Zare (1983) · Harry B. Gray, Yuan T. Lee, Carl S. Marvel, Frank H. Westheimer (1986) · William S. Johnson, Walter H. Stockmayer, Max Tishler (1987) · William O. Baker, Konrad Emil Bloch, Elias James Corey (1988) · Richard B. Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Rudoph A. Marcus, Harden M. McConnell (1989) · Elkan Blout, Karl August Folkers, John D. Roberts (1990) · Ronald Breslow, Gertrude B. Elion, Dudley Herschbach, Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1991) · Howard Ensign Simmons Jr. (1992) · Donald J. Cram, Norman Hackerman (1993) · George S. Hammond (1994) · Thomas Cech, Isabella L. Karle (1995) · Norman Davidson (1996) · Darleane C. Hoffman, Harold S. Johnston (1997) · John W. Cahn, George M. Whitesides (1998) · Stuart A. Rice, John Ross, Susan Solomon (1999) · John D. Baldeschwieler, Ralph F. Hirschmann (2000) · Ernest R. Davidson, Gábor Arpad Somorjai (2001) · John I. Brauman (2002) · Stephen J. Lippard (2004) · Tobin J. Marks 2005) · Marvin H. Caruthers, Peter B. Dervan (2006) · Mostafa A. El-Sayed (2007) · Joanna S. Fowler, JoAnne Stubbe (2008) · Stephen J. Benkovic, Marye Anne Fox (2009) · Jacqueline K. Barton, Peter J. Stang (2010) · Allen Bard, Frederick Hawthorne (2011) · Judith P. Klinman, Jerrold Meinwald (2012) · Geraldine L. Richmond (2013) · Paul Alivisatos (2014)

V · D · M

Vincitori dell'ACS Award in pure chemistry

Linus Pauling (1931) • Oscar K. Rice (1932) • Frank H. Spedding (1933) • C. Frederick Koelsch (1934) • Raymond M. Fuoss (1935) • John Gamble Kirkwood (1936) • E. Bright Wilson, Jr (1937) • Paul Doughty Bartlett (1938) • Lawrence O. Brockway (1940) • Karl August Folkers (1941) • John Lawrence Oncley (1942) • Kenneth S. Pitzer (1943) • Arthur Clay Cope (1944) • Frederick T. Wall (1945) • Charles C. Price, III (1946) • Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1947) • Saul Winstein (1948) • Richard T. Arnold (1949) • Verner Schomaker (1950) • John C. Sheehan (1951) • Harrison S. Brown (1952) • William von E. Doering (1953) • John D. Roberts (1954) • Paul Delahay (1955) • Paul M. Doty (1956) • Gilbert J. Stork (1957) • Carl Djerassi (1958) • Ernest M. Grunwald (1959) • Elias James Corey (1960) • Eugene E. van Tamelen (1961) • Harden M. McConnell (1962) • Stuart A. Rice (1963) • Marshall Fixman (1964) • Dudley Herschbach (1965) • Ronald Breslow (1966) • John D. Baldeschwieler (1967) • Orville L. Chapman (1968) • Roald Hoffmann (1969) • Harry B. Gray (1970) • R. Bruce King (1971) • Roy G. Gordon (1972) • John I. Brauman (1973) • Nicholas J. Turro (1974) • George M. Whitesides (1975) • Karl F. Freed (1976) • Barry M. Trost (1977) • Jesse L. Beauchamp (1978) • Henry F. Schaefer, III (1979) • John E. Bercaw (1980) • Mark S. Wrighton (1981) • Stephen R. Leone (1982) • Michael J. Berry (1983) • Eric Oldfield (1984) • Ben S. Freiser (1985) • Peter G. Wolynes (1986) • George McLendon (1987) • Jacqueline K. Barton (1988) • Stuart L. Schreiber (1989) • Peter G. Schultz (1990) • Nathan S. Lewis (1991) • Charles M. Lieber (1992) • Jeremy M. Berg (1993) • Gerard F. R. Parkin (1994) • M. Reza Ghadiri (1995) • Ann E. McDermott (1996) • Erick M. Carreira (1997) • Christopher C. Cummins (1998) • Chad A. Mirkin (1999) • Chaitan Khosla (2000) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2001) • Hongjie Dai (2002) • Jillian M. Buriak (2003) • Mei Hong (2004) • Peidong Yang (2005) • David R. Liu (2006) • Xiaowei Zhuang (2007) • Rustem F. Ismagilov (2008) • Garnet K.L. Chan (2009) • Phil S. Baran (2010)

V · D · M

Vincitori della medaglia Perkin

William Henry Perkin (1906) • J. B. F. Herreshoff (1908) • Arno Behr (1909) • Edward G. Acheson (1910) • Charles Martin Hall (1911) • Herman Frasch (1912) • James Gayley (1913) • John W. Hyatt (1914) • Edward Weston (1915) • Leo Baekeland (1916) • Ernst Twitchell (1917) • Auguste J. Rossi (1918) • Frederick G. Cottrell (1919) • Charles F. Chandler (1920) • Willis Rodney Whitney (1921) • William Merriam Burton (1922) • Milton C. Whitaker (1923) • Frederick Mark Becket (1924) • Hugh K. Moore (1925) • Richard B. Moore (1926) • John E. Teeple (1927) • Irving Langmuir (1928) • Eugene C. Sullivan (1929) • Herbert H. Dow (1930) • Arthur Dehon Little (1931) • Charles F. Burgess (1932) • George Oenslager (1933) • Colin G. Fink (1934) • George O. Curme, Jr. (1935) • Warren K. Lewis (1936) • Thomas Midgley, Jr. (1937) • Frank J. Tone (1938) • Walter S. Landis (1939) • Charles Stine (1940) • John V. N. Dorr (1941) • Martin Ittner (1942) • Robert E. Wilson (1943) • Gaston F. Dubois (1944) • Elmer Keiser Bolton (1945) • Francis C. Frary (1946) • Robert R. Williams (1947) • Clarence W. Balke (1948) • Carl S. Miner (1949) • Eger V. Murphree (1950) • Henry Howard (1951) • Robert M. Burns (1952) • Charles A. Thomas (1953) • Roger Adams (1954) • Roger Williams (1955) • Edgar C. Britton (1956) • Glenn T. Seaborg (1957) • William Justin Kroll (1958) • Eugène J. Houdry (1959) • Karl August Folkers (1960) • Carl F. Prutton (1961) • Eugene G. Rochow (1962) • William O. Baker (1963) • William J. Sparks (1964) • Carl S. Marvel (1965) • Manson Benedict (1966) • Vladimir Haensel (1967) • Henry B. Hass (1968) • Robert W. Cairns (1969) • Milton Harris (1970) • James F. Hyde (1971) • Robert Burns MacMullin (1972) • Theodore L. Cairns (1973) • Edwin H. Land (1974) • Carl Djerassi (1975) • Lewis H. Sarett (1976) • Paul J. Flory (1977) • Donald Othmer (1978) • James D. Idol Jr. (1979) • Herman F. Mark (1980) • Ralph Landau (1981) • Herbert C. Brown (1982) • Norman Bruce Hannay (1983) • John H. Sinfelt (1984) • Paul B. Weisz (1985) • Peter Regna (1986) • John Paul Hogan, Robert Banks (1987) • James F. Roth (1988) • Frederick J. Karol (1989) • John E. Franz (1990) • Miguel A. Ondetti (1991) • Edith M. Flanigen (1992) • Lubomyr T. Romankiw (1993) • Marinus Los (1994) • Delbert H. Meyer (1995) • Marion D. Francis (1996) • Stephanie Louise Kwolek (1997) • David R. Bryant (1998) • Albert A. Carr (1999) • Norman N. Li (2000) • Elsa Reichmanis (2001) • Paul S. Anderson (2002) • William H. Joyce (2003) • Gordon E. Moore (2004) • Robert W. Gore (2005) • James C. Stevens (2006) • Herbert Boyer (2007) • Ian Shankland (2008) • Richard Bruce Silverman (2009) • Ronald Breslow (2010)

V · D · M

Vincitori del Premio Willard Gibbs (ACS)

Svante Arrhenius (1911) • Theodore William Richards (1912) • Leo Baekeland (1913) • Ira Remsen (1914) • Arthur Amos Noyes (1915) • Willis R. Whitney (1916) • Edward Morley (1917) • William Merriam Burton (1918) • William A. Noyes (1919) • Frederick Gardner Cottrell (1920) • Marie Curie (1921) • Julius Stieglitz (1923) • Gilbert Lewis (1924) • Moses Gomberg (1925) • James Colquhoun Irvine (1926) • John Jacob Abel (1927) • William Draper Harkins (1928) • Claude Silbert Hudson (1929) • Irving Langmuir (1930) • Phoebus Levene (1931) • Edward Curtis Franklin (1932) • Richard Martin Willstätter (1933) • Harold Urey (1934) • Charles August Kraus (1935) • Roger Adams (1936) • Herbert Newby McCoy (1937) • Robert R. Williams (1938) • Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1939) • Vladimir Ipatieff (1940) • Edward Adelbert Doisy (1941) • Thomas Midgley (1942) • Conrad Arnold Elvehjem (1943) • George O. Curme, Jr. (1944) • Frank C. Whitmore (1945) • Linus Pauling (1946) • Wendell Meredith Stanley (1947) • Carl F. Cori (1948) • Peter Debye (1949) • Carl S. Marvel (1950) William Francis Giauque (1951) William C. Rose (1952) • Joel Henry Hildebrand (1953) • Elmer K. Bolton (1954) • Farrington Daniels (1955) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1956) • W. Albert Noyes, Jr. (1957) • Willard Frank Libby (1958) • Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1959) • George B. Kistiakowsky (1960) • Louis Plack Hammett (1961) • Lars Onsager (1962) • Paul Doughty Bartlett (1963) • Izaak M. Kolthoff (1964) • Robert Mulliken (1965) • Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1966) • Robert Burns Woodward (1967) • Henry Eyring (1968) • Gerhard Herzberg (1969) • Frank H. Westheimer (1970) • Henry Taube (1971) • John T. Edsall (1972) • Paul Flory (1973) • Har Gobind Khorana (1974) • Herman F. Mark (1975) • Kenneth S. Pitzer (1976) • Melvin Calvin (1977) • William O. Baker (1978) • Edgar Bright Wilson (1979) • Frank Albert Cotton (1980) • Bert Lester Vallee (1981) • Gilbert Stork (1982) • John D. Roberts (1983) • Elias James Corey (1984) • Donald James Cram (1985) • Jack Halpern (1986) • Allen Bard (1987) • Rudolph Marcus (1988) • Richard Barry Bernstein (1989) • Richard Zare (1990) • Günther Wilke (1991) • Harry B. Gray (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • Frederick Hawthorne (1994) • John Meurig Thomas (1995) • Fred Basolo (1996) • Carl Djerassi (1997) • Mario Molina (1998) • Lawrence F. Dahl (1999) • Nicholas Turro (2000) • Tobin J. Marks (2001) • Ralph Hirschmann (2002) • John I. Brauman (2003) • Ronald Breslow (2004) • David A. Evans (2005) • Jacqueline K. Barton (2006) • Sylvia T. Ceyer (2007) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2008) • Louis Brus (2009) • Maurice Brookhart (2010) • Robert G. Bergman (2011) • Mark Ratner (2012) • Charles M. Lieber (2013) • John E. Bercaw (2014) • John F. Hartwig (2015) • Laura L. Kiessling (2016) • Judith Klinman (2017) • Cynthia Burrows (2018) • Marcetta Y. Darensbourg (2019)

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 == Collegamenti esterni ==
 * {{en}}[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/seaborg.html Biografia di Glenn T. Seaborg] sul sito ufficiale del Premio Nobel
 {{Premio Nobel per la chimica}}
 {{Medaglia Priestley}}
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 {{ACS Award in pure chemistry}}
 {{Medaglia Perkin}}
+{{Premio Willard Gibbs}}
 {{Portale|Biografie|Chimica|Fisica|premi Nobel}}

Glenn Theodore Seaborg: differenze tra le versioni

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