University District
L' University District (chiamato solitamente U District) è un quartiere di Seattle, nello stato di Washington, così chiamato per la presenza del principale campus dell'Università di Washington (UW). L'UW si spostò in questa posizione due anni dopo che l'area venne annessa alla città, mentre la maggior parte delle periferie di Seattle erano occupate da foreste o fattorie. Il quartiere crebbe velocemente grazie alla presenza dell'università diventando quasi una cittadina a sé stante.[1]
Indice |
Posizione [modifica]
Come per tutti i quartieri di Seattle, i confini dell'University District sono informali; solitamente si delimita il quartiere a Ovest con l'Interstate 5; ad Est con la 25th Avenue; a Sud con il Lake Washington Ship Canal; ed a Nord con il Ravenna Boulevard. Il quartiere inoltre include, ad Est di questi limiti, una piccola zona sulla costa Nord dell'Union Bay, delimitata a Nord dalla 45th Street ed a Est dalla 35th Avenue. In questa zona è presente l'East Campus e una grande area di parcheggi al servizio dell'università.[3] La sua principale strada commerciale, University Way, è chiamata in città con il nome The Ave.
Alcune zone dell'University District hanno dei propri nomi. per esempio, l'attuale University Heights identifica una ex scuola usata come community center; una mappa del 1905 mostra il nome che si applica specificamente per la zona delimitata da quelli che ora sono 45th Street verso Sud, 55th Street verso Nord, Brooklyn Avenue verso Ovest e 15th Avenue verso Est.[4]
Storia [modifica]
L'area attualmente occupata dall'University District è stata abitata fin dalla fine dell'ultima glaciazione. Importanti villagi della tribù di nativi americani]Duwamish erano presenti, uno nella zona di Portage Bay nel punto attualmente chiamato Brooklyn Avenue e l'altro sull'Union Bay, nelle vicinanze dell'attuale centrale elettrica del campus (che si trova di fronte all'edificio UW IMA). La tribù dei Duwamish,[5] (chiamati Gente dall'entroterra) aveva l'importante villaggio di SWAH-tsoo-gweel nelle vicinanze dell'Union Bay, e la zona attualmente chiamata Ravenna faceva parte del loro territorio prima dell'arrivo degli europei.[6] I villaggi erano molto diffusi. In primavera si spostavano dai loro campi invernali per andare a caccia dei salmoni che comparivano in estate. Aree vuote nella foresta sono state mantenute per incoraggiare la fornitura di selvaggina e cibi. Such "prairies" (anthrogenic grasslands) were cultivated in what is now the University District.[7] They were connected by a well-travelled path along what is now the Lake Washington Ship Canal (1883, 1916).
Sondaggi hanno rivelato grandi Douglas-firs e western red cedars (given that large trees were not unusual back then, these must have been especially large). L'U. District venne esplorato per la prima volta nel 1855, ed il primi coloni bianchi arrivarono 12 anni dopo. Nel 1890, la zona ad Ovest dell'attuale campus venne disposta come la Brooklyn Addition. Un anno dopo, molto del terreno a Nord del Ship Canal, inclusa Brooklyn, venne annessa a Seattle. L'UW si spostò dal Downtown Seattle nel 1893 ed il primo edificio universitario venne edificato nel 1895.
Un report del 1984 descrive la posizione del relitto ferroviario poco ad ovest dell'attuale University District. Latona è adesso separata dall'University District dall'Interstate 5.
20 agosto 1894. Incidente [a] Seattle, tra Lake Shore e Eastern poco ad Ovest rispetto a Latone [oggi Latona Avenue]. Un treno merci proveniente da Gilman [oggi Snoqualmie] ha investito una mucca. [Il carico del treno era composto da] carbone, tronchi ed altro materiale. Il treno aveva rallentato a Brooklyn [Avenue] a causa delle mucche. Il macchinista ha visto delle mucche su una banchina che cercavano (?) una con l'altra[!]. Una mucca è stata lanciata via dalla banchina ed ha colpito il binario proprio nel momento in cui passava la locomotiva. La locomotiva è stata sollevata dai binari[,] e quando è ricaduta ha deragliato. Il macchinista ha frenato ma era troppo tardi. [The] [c]oal tender shot ahead[,] tagliando parte della cabina della locomotiva e decapitando l'addetto al fuoco ed uccidendo l'addetto ai freni[8] unhurt. Fumo e polvere hanno avvolto la carrozza deragliata. Il macchinista è a Fremont a telegrafare di fermare il treno passeggeri del pomeriggio[;] inoltre [illeggibile] il macchinista dichiara che il trena andava a 20 miglia orarie.[9]
Il nome Brooklyn iniziò a svanire subito dopo. Electric trolley tracks had been laid up Columbus Avenue (later 14th Avenue) in 1892, and the neighborhood soon began to be called "University Station" after the heated waiting house at the corner of what is now NE 42nd Street (1895). The name Brooklyn is not lost, however, for Brooklyn Avenue NE runs parallel to University Way, one block west.[1] North and west of the campus, within the University District, the University Heights—a name now little used—was named for its elementary school (1903–c.1988; since 1990 the University Heights Center for the Community Association, hosts numerous activities small and large from the University District Community Clean Up to the University District Farmer's Market.[10]
But for the trolley, in early decades of the U. District Downtown was a trek, a boat, and a horsecart ride away. Given these early transportation difficulties, the U. District was largely self-sufficient, with area businesses for people with ties to the University. Construction of family homes increased in the early 1900s, as did churches, theaters, stores, and a YMCA. The district's first bank and the first local public library opened in 1906, the modest library organized by local merchants.[11]
Come risultato di un sondaggio proposto dall'University Commercial Club nel 1919, 14th Avenue (già all'epoca conosicuta come "The Avenue" o "The Ave") venne rinominata University Way, e la zona circostante venne rinominata University District.[1] The neighborhood's north-south arterials are (from west to east) Roosevelt Way NE (southbound)), 11th Avenue NE (northbound), Brooklyn Avenue NE, University Way NE, and 15th Avenue NE. NE Pacific, 45th, and part of 50th streets are principal east-west arterials, NE Campus Parkway is a minor east-west arterial, running only west of the campus.[12]
Il 20 aprile del 2002, Layne Staley, il cantante del gruppo grunge Alice in Chains, venne trovato morto nel suo appartamento dell'University District. Un'autopsia successiva ha concluso che Stanley era morto intorno al 5 aprile dopo essersi iniettato un mix di eroina e concaina conosciuta come Speedball.[13]
Attualità [modifica]
L'U District è caratterizzato dalla sua fiera annuale May U District Street Fair [1], la prima delle quali avvenne nel 1971,[15] iniziata dai commercianti locali e dedicata all'attivista per la pace Andy Shiga,[16] e dall'University District Farmers Market [2], il primo e più grande mercato dedicato ai contadini locali dal 1993.[17] Andy Shiga (1919–1993) of Shiga's Imports and local attorney Calmar McCune (1911–1996) long supported development of the alternative character of the U District.[18] The ASUW Experimental College [3], founded in the college culture of 1968 by a group of UW students seeking education in areas not found in the traditional university environment, is now the largest nonprofit student-run program of its kind. Open to all, it has contributed to the cultural ambience of the U District ever since.[19] The Blue Moon Tavern has become an unofficial cultural landmark, since 1934.[20] Big Time is Seattle's original brewpub (1988).[21] Opened in 1966 Dante's Bar&Nightclub is another popular venue and is known as "a U-District tradition." Six theatres (including the Neptune built in 1921,[22] the Varsity since 1940;[23] the Grand Illusion Cinema (founded in a former dental lab in 1968 by Randy Finley,[24] now owned and run by dedicated volunteers);[25] and the (locally-owned) Scarecrow Video, the largest video store on the West Coast[26] further characterize the neighborhood. The U District is second only to Capitol Hill as an epicenter for NoCat [4] Free Wi-Fi with the global Seattle Wireless [5] project.
The neighborhood's skyline landmarks (other than the UW campus) are its tallest buildings: UW Tower (formerly Safeco Plaza) and the Meany Hotel (which became the Best Western University Tower and is now known as Hotel Deca). The former, originally headquarters of Safeco Corporation, is located at the corner of Brooklyn Avenue NE and NE 45th Street. It was built in 1973, and at 22 stories high is the city's tallest building outside Downtown. The latter is Art Deco (1931, restored). L'architett Robert Reamer ha dato ad ogni stanza una finestra angolare.[27] Un gioiello nelle vicinanze è la Carnegie Library in stile neoclassico del 1910 tra Roosevelt Way e la 50th Street.[11]
In epoche recenti, l'University District ha sofferto declino commerciale, causato in misura significativa dai migliori piani industriali, investimenti e popolarità dello shopping centerUniversity Village situato ad Est del campus, e dal Northgate Mall situato a circa 2.5 km a Nord di fianco all'Interstate 5. Dal 2002 al 2004, la città e la sua area metropolitana have made some steps countering this trend by giving the Ave a repaving facelift including the addition of benches, bus bulbs, and period lighting.[28] L'aggiunta delle panchine ha rappresentato the reversal of a decades-long neighborhood trend away from providing free places to sit.
A partire dal 2016, il quartiere sarà servito da un'estensione del Link Light Rail chiamata University Link.[29] La linea di metropolitana leggera collegherà l'U District con Capitol Hill, Downtown Seattle, Rainier Valley e Sea-Tac airport. I piani attuali prevedono una stazione situata a Montlake Boulevard di fronte all'Husky Stadium ed un'altra a Brooklyn.[30]
The local year-round and seasonal homeless population, referred to as "Ave Rats", is well-known around Seattle. (See The Ave.)
A causa della dimensione del sistema di confraternite dell'UW, i membri delle fratellanze e sorellanze make up a sizeable portion of the local cafes' and bars' clientele, especially such establishments as Earl's and Fourno's,[senza fonte] though well outnumbered by the Seattle campus student body of more than 39,250.[31] Other bars have a wider base of patrons, including the College Inn (built for the Alaska-Yukon Exposition in 1909)[32] and the Irish Emigrant. The University District is home to all of the UW's fraternity and sorority houses, most of them clustered along 17th Avenue NE between NE 45th and 50th Streets ("Frat Row" or "Greek Row"). On Thursday (when many Greek parties are held to deter high-schoolers) and Friday nights, it is not uncommon for parties to spill out into the local streets within the area. This reputation draws many crashers, and most of the recent instances of gun violence, injury, and property damage at UW student parties have been due to party crashers getting ejected, in the context of readily available alcohol (and recreational drugs) at large student parties.[senza fonte][33]
-
University pescheria e pollame, fondato nel 1945, uno dei più antichi negozi superstiti del quartiere.
-
Il Last Exit on Brooklyn (ora chiuso) ha iniziato la cultura della caffetteria a Seattle nel 1967.
-
Il Wannabee, una delle tanti caffetterie indipendenti dell'U. District (2006).
-
Fiera University District Street, 2007.
Voci correlate [modifica]
Note [modifica]
- ^ a b c Dorpat
- ^ Paul Dorpat, Seattle Neighborhoods: University District – Thumbnail History, HistoryLink, June 18, 2001. Accessed 4 December 2007.
- ^ University District in Seattle City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas. Office of the Seattle City Clerk, n.d., map.jpg 13 June 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- ^ Baist's Real Estate Atlas Surveys of Seattle, Wash. 1905, G. Wm. Baist, Philadelphia, 1905, plates 17 & 18.
- ^ Anche pronunciato Dkhw'Duw'Absh, pronounced Template:IPA-sal.
- ^ Dailey, 26, ref. 2, 8
- ^ Simili considerazioni possono essere fatte su Belltown, South Lake Union, along the shores of Lake Washington (the present day route of Sand Point Way NE), and most likely Alki, Georgetown, and other locations in what is now Seattle. Sources: Anderson & Green; Dorpat; "Southern Coast Salish Territories" map in University of Washington Digital Collection. See also Duwamish tribe Lushootseed Coast Salish
- ^ "[illeggibile]"&msdash;likely "Il macchinista and coal passer were unhurt." Relatively.
- ^ (1) Le strade menzionate a quel tempo erano rurali, more tracks or plat lines than avenues. La distanza dalla Fremont Station era superiore a 1 miglio (circa 2 km). Un piccolo deposito merci today at the foot of Stone Way. Railroading before labor rights and worker safety was appallingly dangerous.
(2) Photographer unknown. Train wreck in University District, August 20, 1894. University of Washington Libraries. Special Collections Division., Train wreck in University District, August 20, 1894. URL consultato in data 21 luglio 2006. Quoted text is from the verso of the original paper print, verbatim but for grammar in square brackets. - ^ Long; Eskenazi. Neighborhoods within some districts in Seattle are more or less no longer in common usage. See also Seattle neighborhoods#Public library branches, public schools, and public parks and [[Seattle neighborhoods#Informal districts|]].
- ^ a b Burrows
- ^ Street Classification Maps. Seattle Department of Transportation, 2005. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
High-Resolution Version, PDF format, 16.1 MB
Medium-Resolution Version, PDF format, 1.45 MB 12 January 2004.
Low-Resolution Version, PDF format, 825 KB 12 January 2004.
"Planned Arterials Map Legend Definitions", PDF format. 12 January 2004.
The high resolution version is good for printing, 11 x 17. The low and medium resolution versions are good for quicker online viewing. [Source: "Street Classification Maps, Note on Accessing These PDF Files"] - ^ "Smack is Back". seattleweekly.com. January 8, 2003.
- ^ Walt Crowley, Blue Moon Tavern, An Unofficial Cultural Landmark, HistoryLink.org Essay 1001, April 1, 1999.
- ^ U District Street Fair. Greater University Chamber of Commerce, 2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- ^ Crowley (revised 2004 and 9 May 2001, Essay 1126)
- ^ L'U- District Farmers Market è l'unico mercato del contadino di Seattle aperto tutto l'anno (a parte Pike Place Market). University District Farmers Market. Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance, 2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. (archiviato dall'url originale in data 11 gennaio 2006)
- ^ Crowley (19 March 2001)
- ^ About the Experimental College. ASUW Experimental College (Associated Students of the University of Washington), 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. (archiviato dall'url originale in data 8 febbraio 2006)
- ^ Crowley (1 April 1999)
- ^ Samson
- ^ Neptune Theatre. Landmark Theatres, n.d.. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- ^ Varsity Theatre. Seattle Parks and Recreation, n.d.. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- ^ Doug Merlino, Finley, Randy (b. 1942), HistoryLink, March 22, 2005. Accessed 1 December 2006.
- ^ Moe
- ^ D'Oh Inc.
- ^ University District Arts and Heritage Committee (Part 2 of 2, North Side)
- ^ Marmor; Dorpat; Kim
- ^ University Link. Sound Transit. Retrieved on 3 March 2007.
- ^ Stadium Station. Sound Transit. Retrieved on 3 March 2007.
- ^ 3,600 instructional faculty, 27,600 faculty and staff, 39,251 student enrollment on Seattle campus (Autumn 2005), 26,444 extension enrollment (non-graded programs). Quick Facts in UW Home > UWIN > About the UW > UW Profile. University of Washington, 18 aprile 2005. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- ^ University District Arts and Heritage Committee (Part 1 of 2, South Side)
- ^ see Talk: U District # References to meet concerns expressed
Riferimenti bibliografici [modifica]
- About the Seattle City Clerk's On-line Information Services in Information Services. Seattle City Clerk's Office, Revised 2006-04-30. URL consultato in data 21 maggio 2006.
See heading, "Note about limitations of these data". - Ross Anderson, Green, Sara Jean, A culture slips away, The Seattle Times, 27 maggio 2001, p. 1. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
and Ibid., 'The settlers saw trees, endless trees. The natives saw the spaces between the trees.', Seattle History: 150 Years: Seattle By and By, The Seattle Times, p. 2. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. - About the Experimental College in ASUW Experimental College. Departments, University of Washington, 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. (archiviato dall'url originale in data 8 febbraio 2006)
- Alyssa Burrows. University Branch, The Seattle Public Library in HistoryLink.org Essay 4051. 19 dicembre 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Stuart Eskenazi, New lease on hold for U Heights Center, Local News, The Seattle Times, 93 aprile 2006. URL consultato in data 21 luglio 2006.
- Hector Castro, 6 arrests tied to E. African gang: Group had been active in UW area, authorities say, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 14 febbraio 2006.
- Hector Castro, Gang arrests made: Members sold drugs and threatened UW students, feds say, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 13 febbraio 2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Hector Castro, Seattle takes step on 'alcohol-impact area': City Council votes to ask state to expand zone, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 13 dicembre 2005. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Scott, City Archivist Cline. Department of Community Development (1600) in A Guide to the Archives of the City of Seattle. Office of the Seattle City Clerk, n.d., ~2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Walt Crowley. Blue Moon Tavern, An Unofficial Cultural Landmark. 1 aprile 1999. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. Crowley here is citing his own Forever Blue Moon, The Story of Seattle's Most (In)Famous Tavern, Seattle: Blue Moon, 1992.
- Walt Crowley. McCune, Calmar (1911-1996), unofficial Mayor of the University District in HistoryLink.org Essay 3113. 19 marzo 2001. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Walt Crowley. University District (Seattle) Street Fair is first held May 23 and 24, 1970 in HistoryLink Essay 1126. 11 maggio 1999, revised 9 May 2001. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Tom Dailey. Duwamish-Seattle in "Coast Salish Villages of Puget Sound". n.d.. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
Page links to Village Descriptions Duwamish-Seattle section. - D'Oh Inc. About us. Scarecrow, 2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. (archiviato dall'url originale in data 11 aprile 2006)
- Paul Dorpat. Seattle Neighborhoods: University District – Thumbnail History in HistoryLink.org Essay 3380. 18 giugno 2001, updated May 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Tom Griffen, Marmor, John, Husky Stadium, A place apart, Columns, The University of Washington Alumni Association, 2002-03. URL consultato in data 21 giugno 2006.
- Gina Kim, Empty storefronts litter 'the Ave', Business & Technology, The Daily of the University of Washington, 10 febbraio 2001. URL consultato in data 14 luglio 2006.
- John Moe. New Google Features / Isernio Sausage / Grand Illusion Cinema (link to RealAudio, MP3) in The Works. KUOW-FM, 2 maggio 2006. URL consultato in data 21 maggio 2006.
John Moe interview with Guerren Marter, Grand Illusion Cinema manager. - HISTORY @ UBNA in Center for Urban Horticulture, Departments of the University of Washington. (n.d., 1999 per "Montlake Landfill Information Summary, January 1999" on page). URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- JasonMcArthur, mattw, [sic] & staff. FrontPage. SeattleWireless, 19 aprile 2006, revised. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Sally Kline, Present inconveniences for a promising future: UW athletes are learning to deal with the inconvenience of Hec-Ed renovation, The Daily of the University of Washington, 8 aprile 1999. URL consultato in data 21 giugno 2006.
- Priscilla Long. University Heights Elementary School opens in the University District in September 1903. in HistoryLink.org Essay 3381. 18 giugno 2001. URL consultato in data 21 luglio 2006.
- Jon Marmor, Once Seattle's Second Main Street, the Ave. Has Fallen on Hard Times. Can the UW and Local Community Save What's Left?, "The Fall (and Rise?) of the 'Ave.'", Columns, December 1995. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
Alumni magazine. - Neptune Theatre. Landmark Theatres, n.d.. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- NoCat.net. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
"Seattle Wireless: One of the first community wireless networks, and probably one of the largest." - Publication Services & UW Facility Services, The University of Washington Campus & Vicinity, Seattle, University of Washington, Revised July 1996.
- Quick Facts in UW Home > UWIN > About the UW > UW Profile. University of Washington, 18 aprile 2005. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- Karl Samson. Big Time Brewery and Alehouse. Frommer's. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
Previously retrieved 15 November 2005.
Links to "Seattle's Original Brewpub". Selection from Karl Samson, Frommer's Seattle 2006, Wiley, 2006. ISBN 0-7645-9587-3
[Title incremented annually each January]. - N. HISTORIC/CULTURAL in Section III - Historic & Cultural, Master Plan Seattle Campus Final EIS (PDF), Seattle, University of Washington, 12 settembre 2001, pp. 210. URL consultato il 21 giugno 2006.
Master Plan Seattle Campus Final EIS of Campus Master Plan - Carol Shenk; Pollack, Laurie; Dornfeld, Ernie; Frantilla, Anne; and Neman, Chris. About neighborhood maps in Seattle City Clerk's Office Neighborhood Map Atlas. Information Services, Seattle City Clerk's Office, 26 giugno 2002, maps.jpg c. 15 June 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
Sources for this atlas and the neighborhood names used in it include a 1980 neighborhood map produced by the Department of Community Development (relocated to the Department of Neighborhoods and other agencies), Seattle Public Library indexes, a 1984-1986 Neighborhood Profiles feature series in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, numerous parks, land use and transportation planning studies, and records in the Seattle Municipal Archives.
[Maps "NN-1120S", "NN-1130S", "NN-1140S".Jpg [sic] dated 13 June 2002; "NN-1030S", "NN-1040S".jpg dated 17 June 2002.] - Southern Coast Salish Territories in "Maps". University of Washington Libraries, Digital Collections. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
"Maps" is part of "American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Collection", at Libraries Home > Subject > History > Tm > Pacific Northwest History. - Street Classification Maps. Seattle Department of Transportation, 2005. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
High-Resolution Version, PDF format, 16.1 MB
Medium-Resolution Version, PDF format, 1.45 MB 12 January 2004.
Low-Resolution Version, PDF format, 825 KB 12 January 2004.
"Planned Arterials Map Legend Definitions", PDF format. 12 January 2004.
The high resolution version is good for printing, 11 x 17. The low and medium resolution versions are good for quicker online viewing. [Source: "Street Classification Maps, Note on Accessing These PDF Files"] - U District Street Fair. Greater University Chamber of Commerce, 2006
- University District in Seattle City Clerk's Neighborhood Map Atlas. n.d., map.jpg 13 June 2002. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
- University District Arts and Heritage Committee. Public Art & Culture Walking Tour Map, Part 1 of 2, South Side (PDF). City of Seattle Arts, 14 agosto 2001. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. [collegamento interrotto]
- University District Arts and Heritage Committee. Public Art & Culture Walking Tour Map, Part 2 of 2, North Side (PDF). City of Seattle Arts, 14 agosto 2001. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. (archiviato dall'url originale in data 8 gennaio 2006)
- University District Farmers Market. Neighborhood Farmers Market Alliance, 2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006. (archiviato dall'url originale in data 11 gennaio 2006)
- University of Washington Computing and Communications, Facilities Services. Northeast Campus Map in UW Home > UWIN > About the UW > Campus Maps. University of Washington, 2005, modified 18 May 2006. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
(2) UW Publication Services & UW Facility Services (Revised July 1996)
(3) University of Washington Publication Services (Revised September 1991) - University of Washington Publication Services, The University of Washington Campus & Vicinity, Seattle, University of Washington, Revised September 1991.
Compiled, designed, drafted in cooperation between Physical Plant and the Department of Geography, August 1971, revised Sherman (August 1991). - Varsity Theatre. Landmark Theatres, n.d.. URL consultato in data 21 aprile 2006.
Altri progetti [modifica]
Commons contiene immagini o altri file su University District
Collegamenti esterni [modifica]
Coordinate: 47°39′18″N 122°18′12″W / 47.655°N 122.30333°O
|
|