Glucosio-6-fosfato isomerasi
| glucosio-6-fosfato isomerasi | |
|---|---|
Struttura tridimensionale della glucosio-6-fosfato isomerasi di coniglio [1] |
|
| Numero EC | 5.3.1.9 |
| Classe | Isomerasi |
| Nome sistematico | |
| D-glucosio-6-fosfato aldoso-ketoso-isomerasi | |
| Altri nomi | |
| fosfoesoso isomerasi; fosfoesomutasi; esosofosfato isomerasi; glucosio fosfato isomerasi; fattore autocrino di motilità | |
| Banche dati | BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, PDB |
| Fonte: IUBMB | |
La glucosio-6-fosfato isomerasi (o fosfoglucosio isomerasi) è un enzima appartiene alla classe delle isomerasi. Catalizza la reazione all'equilibrio di conversione del glucosio 6-fosfato in fruttosio 6-fosfato:
D-glucosio 6-fosfato <=> D-fruttosio 6-fosfato
L'enzima viene codificato dal gene GPI localizzato sul Cromosoma 19 19q12-13.2 a 39.55-39.58Mb [2].
Indice |
[modifica] Funzione
La proteina ha diverse funzioni sia all'interno che all'esterno della cellula. Nel citoplasma, viene coinvolta nella glicolisi e nella gluconeogenesi, mentre al di fuori della cellula assolve il ruolo di fattore neurotrofico per i neuroni spinali e sensoriali. Difetti nel gene GPI sono la causa principale di una forma di anemia emolitica e di deficit enzimatico e danni neurologici anche incompatibili con la vita [3].
La reazione più importante nella quale viene coinvolto l'enzima è la catalisi dell'isomerizzazione o modificazione geometrica del fosfoglucoso o glucosio-1-fosfato (G1P) a fruttosio-1-fosfato (F1P), durante la prima fase della glicolisi. Questa trasformazione comporta il passaggio dalla forma piranosica (G1P) a quella furanosica (F1P), aumentando così la tensione all'interno della molecola e facilitando quindi la divisione della stessa in seguito a nuova fosforilazione.
[modifica] Marcatore tumorale
La glucosio-6-fosfato isomerasi viene anche secreta da alcune cellule tumorali, dove però prende il nome di fattore autocrino di motilità [4] agisce stimolando il processo di metastasi [5].
[modifica] Note
- ^ Jeffery, C.J., Bahnson, B.J., Chien, W., Ringe, D., Petsko, G.A. (2000). Crystal structure of rabbit phosphoglucose isomerase, a glycolytic enzyme that moonlights as neuroleukin, autocrine motility factor, and differentiation mediator.. Biochemistry (39): 955-964. PMID 10653639.
- ^ Sequenza [1]
- ^ Entrez Gene: GPI glucose phosphate isomerase
- ^ Dobashi Y, Watanabe H, Sato Y, et al. (dicembre 2006). Differential expression and pathological significance of autocrine motility factor/glucose-6-phosphate isomerase expression in human lung carcinomas. J. Pathol. 210 (4): 431–40. DOI:10.1002/path.2069. PMID 17029220.
- ^ Watanabe H, Takehana K, Date M, Shinozaki T, Raz A (1 luglio 1996). Tumor cell autocrine motility factor is the neuroleukin/phosphohexose isomerase polypeptide. Cancer Res. 56 (13): 2960–3. PMID 8674049.
[modifica] Bibliografia
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- Haga A, Niinaka Y, Raz A (2000). Phosphohexose isomerase/autocrine motility factor/neuroleukin/maturation factor is a multifunctional phosphoprotein.. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1480 (1-2): 235–44. PMID 11004567.