Elenco cronologico dei linguaggi di programmazione

Questo è un elenco cronologico dei linguaggi di programmazione per ordine di apparizione. Di ognuno viene riportato l'eventuale predecessore, l'anno in cui è apparso, il nome del linguaggio stesso, l'autore (se noto) e, in alcuni casi, l'azienda dove è stato sviluppato.

Prima degli anni '50

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
circa 1837	Analytical Engine order code	Charles Babbage e Ada Lovelace	−
1943-5	Plankalkül (concetto)	Konrad Zuse	−
1943-6	ENIAC coding system	John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstine dopo Alan Turing	−
1946	ENIAC Short Code	Richard Clippinger, John von Neumann dopo Alan Turing	ENIAC coding system
1946	Von Neumann e Goldstine graphing system (notazione)	John von Neumann e Herman Goldstine	ENIAC coding system
1947	ARC Assembly	Kathleen Booth	ENIAC coding system
1948	CPC Coding scheme	Howard H. Aiken	Analytical Engine order code
1948	Curry notation system	Haskell Curry	ENIAC coding system
1949	Brief Code	John Mauchly e William F. Schmitt	ENIAC Short Code
1949	C-10	Betty Holberton	ENIAC Short Code
1949	Seeber coding scheme (concetto)	Robert Seeber	CPC Coding scheme

Anni '50

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
1950	Short Code	William F Schmidt, A.B. Tonik, J.R. Logan	Brief Code
1950	Birkbeck Assembler	Kathleen Booth	ARC
1951	Superplan	Heinz Rutishauser	Plankalkül
1951	ALGAE	Edward A Voorhees e Karl Balke	−
1951	Intermediate linguaggio di programmazione	Arthur Burks	Short Code
1951	Regional Assembly Language	Maurice Wilkes	EDSAC
1951	Boehm unnamed coding system	Corrado Böhm	Aiken CPC system
1951	Klammerausdrücke	Konrad Zuse	Plankalkül
1951	OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler	Charles Katz	Short Code
1951	Stanislaus (notazione)	Fritz Bauer	−
1951	Whirlwind assembler	Charles Adams e Jack Gilmore al MIT Project Whirlwind	EDSAC
1951	Rochester assembler	Nat Rochester	EDSAC
1951	Sort Merge Generator	Betty Holberton	−
1952	A-0	Grace Hopper	C-10 e Short Code
1952	Autocode	Alick Glennie dopo di Alan Turing	Aiken CPC
1952	Editing Generator	Milly Koss	SORT/MERGE
1952	COMPOOL	RAND/SDC	−
1953	Speedcoding	John W. Backus	−
1953	READ/PRINT	Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman	−
1954	Laning e Zierler system	Laning, Zierler, Adams al MIT Project Whirlwind	−
1954	Mark I Autocode	Tony Brooker	Glennie Autocode
1954-1955	FORTRAN (concetto)	Team condotto da John W. Backus alla IBM	Speedcoding
1954	ARITH-MATIC	Team condotto da Grace Hopper al UNIVAC	A-0
1954	MATH-MATIC	Team condotto da Charles Katz	A-0
1954	MATRIX MATH	H G Kahrimanian	−
1954	IPL I (concetto)	Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon	−
1955	FLOW-MATIC	Team condotto da Grace Hopper al UNIVAC	A-0
1955	BACAIC	M. Grems e R. Porter
1955	PACT I	SHARE	FORTRAN, A-2
1955-6	Sequentielle Formelübersetzung	Fritz Bauer e Karl Samelson	Boehm
1955-6	IT	Team condotto da Alan Perlis	Laning e Zerler
1955	PRINT	IBM
1958	IPL II (implementazione)	Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon	IPL I
1956-1958	Lisp (concetto)	John McCarthy	IPL
1957	COMTRAN	Bob Bemer	FLOW-MATIC
1957	FORTRAN "I" (implementazione)	John W. Backus al IBM	FORTRAN 0
1957-1958	UNICODE	Remington Rand UNIVAC	MATH-MATIC
1957	COMIT (concetto)		−
1958	FORTRAN II	Team condotto da John W. Backus al IBM	FORTRAN I
1958	ALGOL 58 (IAL)	ACM/GAMM	FORTRAN, IT e Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
1958	IPL V	Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon	IPL II
1959	FACT	Fletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick	−
1959	COBOL (concetto)	The CODASYL Committee	FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT
1959	JOVIAL	Jules Schwartz al SDC	ALGOL 58
1959	Lisp (implementazione)	John McCarthy	IPL
1959	TRAC (concetto)	Mooers

Anni '60

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
1960	ALGOL 60		ALGOL 58
1960	COBOL 61 (implementazione)	The CODASYL Committee	FLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
1961	COMIT (implementazione)		−
1962	FORTRAN IV		FORTRAN II
1962	APL (concetto)	Iverson	−
1962	MAD	Arden ed altri	ALGOL 58
1962	SIMULA (concetto)		ALGOL 60
1962	SNOBOL	Griswold ed altri	FORTRAN II, COMIT
1963	CPL	Barron, Strachey ed altri	ALGOL 60
1963	SNOBOL3	Griswold ed altri	SNOBOL
1963	ALGOL 68 (concetto)	van Wijngaarden ed altri	ALGOL 60
1963	JOSS I	Cliff Shaw, RAND	ALGOL 58
1964	MIMIC	H. E. Petersen ed altri	MIDAS
1964	COWSEL	Burstall, Popplestone	CPL, Lisp
1964	PL/I (concetto)	IBM	ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
1964	BASIC	Kemeny e Kurtz	FORTRAN II, JOSS
1964	IBM RPG	IBM	FARGO
1964	Mark-IV	Informatics
1964	Speakeasy-2	Stanley Cohen al Argonne National Laboratory	Speakeasy
1964	TRAC (implementazione)	Mooers
1964?	IITRAN
1965	TELCOMP	BBN	JOSS
1966	JOSS II	Chuck Baker, RAND	JOSS I
1966	ALGOL W	Niklaus Wirth, C. A. R. Hoare	ALGOL 60
1966	FORTRAN 66		FORTRAN IV
1966	ISWIM	Landin	Lisp
1966	CORAL66		ALGOL 60
1967	BCPL	Richards	CPL
1967	MUMPS	Massachusetts General Hospital	FORTRAN, TELCOMP
1967	APL (implementazione)	Iverson	−
1967	SIMULA 67 (implementazione)	Dahl, Myhrhaug e Nygaard alla Norsk Regnesentral	ALGOL 60
1967	InterLisp	D.G. Bobrow e D.L. Murphy	Lisp
1967	SNOBOL4	Griswold ed altri	SNOBOL3
1967	XPL	W. M. McKeeman ed altri al Università della California, Santa Cruz. J. J. Horning ed altri al Stanford University	PL/I
1968	ALGOL 68 (UNESCO/IFIP standard)	A. van Wijngaarden, B.J. Mailloux, J.E.L. Peck e Cornelis H. A. Koster ed altri	ALGOL 60
1968	POP-1	Burstall, Popplestone	COWSEL
1968	DIBOL-8	DEC	DIBOL
1968	FORTH (concetto)	Moore
1968	LOGO	Papert	Lisp
1968	MAPPER	Unisys	CRT RPS
1968	REFAL (implementazione)	Valentin Turchin	−
1969	PL/I (implementazione)	IBM	ALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
1969	B	Ken Thompson, con il contributo di Dennis Ritchie	BCPL
1969	PPL	Thomas A. Standish al Harvard University
1969	SETL	Jack Schwartz al Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
1969	TUTOR	Università di Illinois al Urbana-Champaign

Anni '70

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
1970?	FORTH (implementazione)	Moore
1970	POP-2		POP-1
1970	Pascal	Wirth, Jensen	ALGOL 60, ALGOL W
1971	Sue	Holt ed altri al Università di Toronto	Pascal, XPL
1972	Smalltalk	Xerox PARC	SIMULA 67
1972	PL/M	Kildall al Digital Research	PL/I, ALGOL, XPL
1972	C	Dennis Ritchie	B, BCPL, ALGOL 68
1972	INTERCAL	Don Woods e James M. Lyon	−
1972	Prolog	Colmerauer	2-level W-Grammar
1973	COMAL	Christensen, Løfstedt	Pascal, BASIC
1973	ML	Robin Milner
1973	LIS	Ichbiah ed altri al CII Honeywell Bull	Pascal, Sue
1973	Speakeasy-3	Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper al Argonne National Laboratory	Speakeasy-2
1974	GRASS	DeFanti	BASIC
1974	BASIC FOUR	MAI BASIC Four Inc.	Business BASIC
1975	ABC	Leo Geurts e Lambert Meertens	SETL
1975	Scheme	Sussman, Steele	Lisp
1975	Altair BASIC	Gates, Allen	BASIC
1975	CS-4	Miller, Brosgol ed altri al Intermetrics	ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL
1975	Modula	Wirth	Pascal
1976	Smalltalk-76	Xerox PARC	Smalltalk-72
1976	Ratfor	Kernighan	C, FORTRAN
1976	S	John Chambers al Bell Labs	APL, PPL, Scheme
1977	FP	John Backus	−
1977	Bourne Shell (sh)	Bourne	−
1977	IDL	David Stern of Research Systems Inc	Fortran
1977	Standard MUMPS		MUMPS
1977	Icon (concetto)	Griswold	SNOBOL
1977	Green	Ichbiah ed altri al CII Honeywell Bull per US Dept of Defense	ALGOL 68, LIS
1977	Red	Brosgol ed altri al Intermetrics per US Dept of Defense	ALGOL 68, CS-4
1977	Blue	Goodenough ed altri al SofTech per US Dept of Defense	ALGOL 68,
1977	Yellow	Spitzen ed altri al SRI International per US Dept of Defense	ALGOL 68,
1978?	MATLAB	Moler al the Università di New Mexico	−
1978?	SMALL	Brownlee al the Università di Auckland	Algol60
1978	SQL aka structured query language	IBM	Ingres
1978	VisiCalc	Bricklin, Frankston marketed by VisiCorp	−
1979	Modula-2	Wirth	Modula
1979	REXX	Cowlishaw	PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
1979	Awk	Aho, Weinberger, Kernighan	C, SNOBOL
1979	Icon (implementazione)	Griswold	SNOBOL
1979	Vulcan dBase-II	Ratliff	−

Anni '80

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
1980	C with classes	Stroustrup	C, SIMULA 67
1980-1981	CBASIC	Gordon Eubanks	BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research
1982?	Speakeasy-IV	Stanley Cohen ed altri al Speakeasy Computing Corporation	Speakeasy-3
1982	Objective-C	Brad Cox	Smalltalk, C
1983	GW-BASIC	Microsoft	IBM BASICA
1983	Ada	CII Honeywell Bull	Green
1983	C++	Stroustrup	C with Classes
1983	True BASIC	Kemeny, Kurtz al Dartmouth College	BASIC
1983	occam	David May	EPL
1983?	ABAP	SAP AG	COBOL
1984?	Korn Shell (ksh)	David Korn	sh
1984	RPL	Hewlett-Packard	Forth, Lisp
1984	Standard ML		ML
1984	CLIPPER	Nantucket	dBase
1984	Common Lisp	Guy L. Steele, Jr. e many others	Lisp
1984	Redcode	Alexander Dewdney e D.G. Jones
1985	Object Pascal	Apple Computer	Pascal
1985	PARADOX	Borland	dBase
1985	PostScript	Warnock	InterPress
1985	QuickBASIC	Microsoft	BASIC
1986	GFA BASIC	Frank Ostrowski	BASIC
1986	Miranda	David Turner al Università di Kent
1986	LabVIEW	National Instruments
1986	Eiffel	Meyer	SIMULA 67
1986	Informix-4GL	Informix
1986	PROMAL		C
1986	CorVision	Cortex	INFORM
1987	Self (concetto)	Sun Microsystems Inc.	Smalltalk
1987	occam 2	David May e INMOS	occam
1987	HyperTalk	Apple	−
1987	Perl	Wall	C, sed, awk, sh
1987	Oberon	Wirth	Modula-2
1987	Erlang	Joe Armstrong e others in Ericsson	Prolog
1987	Mathematica	Wolfram Research	−
1987	Turbo Basic	Robert 'Bob' Zale	BASIC/Z
1988	Octave		MATLAB
1988	Tcl	Ousterhout	Awk, Lisp
1988	STOS BASIC	François Lionet e Constantin Sotiropoulos	BASIC
1988	Object REXX	Simon C. Nash	REXX
1988	SPARK	Bernard A. Carré	Ada
1988	A+	Arthur Whitney	APL
1989	Turbo Pascal OOP	Hejlsberg al Borland	Turbo Pascal, Object Pascal
1989	Modula-3	Cardeli, et al. DEC e Olivetti	Modula-2
1989	PowerBASIC	Robert 'Bob' Zale	Turbo Basic
1989	VisSim	Peter Darnell, Visual Solutions

Anni '90

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
1990	AMOS BASIC	François Lionet e Constantin Sotiropoulos	STOS BASIC
1990	Object Oberon	H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer	Oberon
1990	J	Iverson, R. Hui al Iverson Software	APL, FP
1990	Haskell		Miranda
1990	EuLisp		Common Lisp, Scheme
1991	Oberon-2	Hanspeter Mössenböck, Wirth	Object Oberon
1991	Python	Van Rossum	ABC, ALGOL 68, Icon, Modula-3
1991	Oz	Gert Smolka e i suoi studenti	Prolog
1991	Q	Albert Gräf
1991	Visual Basic	Alan Cooper, venduto alla Microsoft	QuickBASIC
1992	Borland Pascal		Turbo Pascal OOP
1992	Dylan	vari sviluppatori alla Apple Computer	Common Lisp, Scheme
1993?	Z Shell (zsh)		ksh
1993?	Self (implementazione)	Sun Microsystems Inc.	Smalltalk
1993	Brainfuck	Urban Müller	−
1993	FALSE	Wouter van Oortmerssen	Forth
1993	Revolution Transcript		HyperTalk
1993	AppleScript	Apple	HyperTalk
1993	K	Arthur Whitney	APL, Lisp
1993	Ruby	Yukihiro Matsumoto	Smalltalk, Perl
1993	Lua	Roberto Ierusalimschy ed altri al Tecgraf, PUC-Rio	Lua
1993	ZPL	Chamberlain ed altri al Università di Washington	C
1993	NewtonScript	Walter Smith	Self, Dylan
1994	ANSI Common Lisp		Common Lisp
1994	PHP	Rasmus Lerdorf	Perl
1994	Pike	Fredrik Hübinette et al. al Università di Linköping	LPC, C, µLPC
1994	ANS Forth	Elizabeth Rather, et al.	Forth
1995	Borland Delphi	Anders Hejlsberg al Borland	Borland Pascal
1995	ColdFusion (CFML)	Allaire
1995	Java	James Gosling al Sun Microsystems	C, SIMULA67 OR C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C
1995	LiveScript	Brendan Eich al Netscape	Self, C
1995	MySQL	Michael Widenius e David Axmark	C, C++
1995	Ada 95	Tucker Taft	Ada 83
1996	Curl	David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman al MIT	Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
1996	JavaScript	Brendan Eich al Netscape	LiveScript
1996	Perl Data Language (PDL)	Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, e Christian Soeller	APL, Perl
1996	R	Robert Gentleman e Ross Ihaka	S
1996	NetRexx	Cowlishaw	REXX
1996	Lasso	Blue World Communication
1997	Component Pascal	Oberon microsystems, Inc	Oberon-2
1997	E	Mark S. Miller	Joule, Original-E
1997	Pico	Free Università di Brussels	Scheme
1997	Squeak Smalltalk	Alan Kay ed altri al Apple Computer	Smalltalk-80, Self
1997	ECMAScript	ECMA TC39-TG1	JavaScript
1997	F-Script	Philippe Mougin	Smalltalk, APL, Objective-C
1997	ISLISP	ISO Standard ISLISP	Common Lisp
1997	Tea	Jorge Nunes	Java, Scheme, Tcl
1997	REBOL	Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies	Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo
1998	Standard C++	ANSI/ISO Standard C++	C++, Standard C
1998	Open Source Erlang	Ericsson	Erlang
1998	Pikt	Robert Osterlund (then al Università di Chicago)	AWK, Perl, Unix shell
1999	XSLT (+ XPath)	W3C, James Clark	DSSSL
1999	Game Maker Language (GML)	Mark Overmars	Game Maker

2000

Anno	Nome	Team di programmatori	Predecessore/i
2000	Join Java	G Stewart von Itzstein	Java
2000	Joy	von Thun	FP, Forth
2000	D	Walter Bright al Digital Mars	C, C++, C#, Java
2000	XL	Christophe de Dinechin	Ada, C++, Lisp
2000	C#	Anders Hejlsberg per Microsoft (ECMA)	C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2
2000	Ferite	Chris Ross	C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scheme
2001	AspectJ	Xerox PARC	Java
2001	Visual Basic .NET	Microsoft	Visual Basic
2002	Io	Steve Dekorte	Self, NewtonScript
2003	Nemerle	Università di Breslavia	C#, ML, MetaHaskell
2003	Factor	Slava Pestov	Joy, Forth, Lisp
2003	Scala	Martin Odersky	Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
2003	Squirrel	Alberto Demichelis	Lua
2004	Subtext	Jonathan Edwards	−
2004	Boo	Rodrigo B. de Oliveira	Python, C#
2004	Groovy	James Strachan	Java
2005	F#	Don Syme al Microsoft Research	Objective Caml, C#, Haskell
2005	Seed7	Thomas Mertes	−
2006	Links	Philip Wadler, Università di Edinburgh	Haskell
2006	Kite	Mooneer Salem	−
2006	Windows PowerShell	Microsoft	C#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL
2007	Fan	Brian Frank, Andy Frank	C#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang
2007	Vala	GNOME	C#
2007	Clojure	Rich Hickey	Lisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang
2007	Oberon-07	Wirth	Oberon
2007	Ada 2005	Ada Rapporteur Group	Ada 95
2008	Nimrod	Andreas Rumpf	Lisp, Python, C
2009	Go	Google	C, Oberon, Limbo

Voci correlate

• Linguaggio di programmazione
• Storia del computer

Collegamenti esterni

• (EN) Online encyclopedia per the history of linguaggio di programmaziones
• (EN) Diagram & history of linguaggio di programmaziones
• (EN) Eric Levenez's timeline diagram of computer languages history
• (EN) aiSee's timeline diagram of computer languages history